连续施用猪粪对辣椒根际有益细菌与产量的影响

摘要：为探究连续施用猪粪在辣椒生产中的应用效果，采用猪粪（30 t/hm2）配施化肥（磷酸二铵450 kg/hm2＋硫酸钾225 kg/hm2）处理（30 t/hm2）进行3年定位试验，与化肥对照进行对比，分析了土壤基础理化性质、土壤酶活性、根际有益细菌变化特征及辣椒的生长与产量状况。结果表明：与对照相比较，连续3年施用猪粪的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著上升，分别增加31.42%、35.17%、106.9%和7.0%，pH值则显著降低3.4%；土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶及碱性磷酸酶活性均显著升高，分别增加25.75%、29.19%、19.84%、30.44%；辣椒株高、根长、地下部干质量、地上部干质量及产量分别较对照显著增加11.57%、22.07%、55.55%、25.12%及13.38%。高通量测序结果表明，连续施用猪粪提高了根际细菌多样性与丰富度，有益细菌假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）、鞘氨醇单胞（Sphingomonas、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）、代尔夫特菌属（Deflitia）、鞘氨醇菌属（Sphingobium）、根瘤菌属（Rhizobium）、黄色土地杆菌属（Flavisolibacter）、苔藓杆菌属（Bryobacter）、嗜盐囊菌（Haliangium）、异养菌属（Ohtaekwangia）及东属（Dongia）相对丰度均显著增加；并且土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、辣椒生物量及产量与根际有益细菌数量具有显著的相关性。连续施用猪粪提高了土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性，同时提高了辣椒根际细菌的多样性与丰富度，提高了根际有益细菌的定殖，促进了辣椒的生长，提高了产量。

Effects of Continuous Application of Pig Manure on Rhizosphere Beneficial Bacteria and Yield of Pepper

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of continuous application of pig manure in pepper production, a 3-year positioning test was conducted using pig manure (30 t/hm2) combined with chemical fertilizer (450 kg/hm2 diammonium phosphate + 225 kg/hm2 potassium sulfate) treatment (30 t/hm2), and compared with chemical fertilizer control, soil basic physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, rhizosphere beneficial bacteria and the growth and yield of pepper were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control under 3-year pig manure treatment, the contents of organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil significantly increased by 31.42%, 35.17%, 106.9% and 7.0%, respectively, while the pH value significantly decreased by 3.4%. The activities of urease, sucrase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased by 25.75%, 29.19%, 19.84% and 30.44%, respectively. The plant height, root length, underground dry mass, above ground dry mass and yield of pepper significantly increased by 11.57%, 22.07%, 55.55%, 25.12% and 13.38%, respectively. Results of high throughput sequencing showed that continuous application of pig manure increased the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria, beneficial bacteria of Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Lysobacter, Nitrospira, Deflitia, Sphingobium, Rhizobium, Flavisolibacter, Bryobacter, Haliangium, Ohtaekwangia and Dongia increased significantly, and soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, biomass and yield of pepper were significantly correlated with abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria. Continuous application of pig manure increased the soil nutrient content and enzyme activity, enhanced the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria, improved the colonization of rhizosphere beneficial bacteria, promoted the growth of pepper and increased the yield of pepper.