Investigation of Myofascial Trigger Points in Equine Pectoral Muscles and Girth-Aversion Behavior |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Veterinary Science and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK;2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia;1. Working Group Animal Breeding, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;2. Movement Science Group, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;3. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK;1. College of Animal Science, Experimental Campus of Dracena, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rod Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition (DABN), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Sport Horse Science, LLC, Mason, MI;1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland;1. Michigan State University, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Sport Horse Science, LLC, 3145 Sandhill Road, Mason, MI 48854, USA;1. Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK;2. Performance in Equestrian Sport Group, Hartpury University Centre, Gloucester, UK;1. Equine Sport Medicine Center, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain;2. Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain;3. Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Horses displaying aversion to fastening of the girth may be expressing pain from myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The location of MTrPs in the pectoral region of horses has not been previously described. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to locate and map MTrPs in the transverse and ascending pectoral muscles; (2) to score the severity of the MTrPs by behavioral reaction to palpation; and (3) to look for associations between these findings and girth-aversion behavior. Thirty-eight horses were recruited in a cross-sectional clinical study. Taut bands were identified on palpation of horses undergoing physiotherapy assessment and then scored for behavioral reaction to palpation as normal (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) and mapped. Owner-reported history of girth-aversion behavior was compared with the severity score using chi-squared analysis. Myofascial trigger points were identified in all horses (average severity: mild n = 6, moderate n = 24, and severe n = 8) with the most common regions of ascending pectoral muscles being the axillary and along the region usually covered by the girth. Horses with an owner-reported history of girth-aversion behavior (n = 13) had higher severity scores than horses without a history of girth-aversion behavior (n = 25; P = .014). Knowledge of the presence and location of MTrPs could assist in the development of prevention and management strategies to improve comfort, optimize performance, and reduce girth-aversion behavior. |
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| Keywords: | Horse Physiotherapy Girth Muscle Saddle Palpation |
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