Physicochemical and functional characterization of wheat milling co-products: Fine grinding to achieve high fiber antioxidant-rich fractions |
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Institution: | 1. Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 8.5 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, Colonia San Isidro, Apartado Postal 24, Yautepec, Morelos 62731, Mexico;2. Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico |
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Abstract: | Milling of wheat produces co-products rich in dietary fiber, micronutrients and phytochemicals which can be used to integrate healthy functional foods. In the study different co-products including bran, shorts, and red dog were identified by physicochemical and functional analyses. The results showed that the fat, protein and starch contents decreased in order of red dog > shorts > bran (P < 0.05). The ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, water and oil holding capacities (WHC, OHC) were in order bran > shorts > red dog, respectively (P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity was in order red dog > shorts > bran (P < 0.05). The bran was selected as the co-product with the highest fiber that was finely grounded to four different fractions (>355, 250–355, 180–250, <180 μm) and they were characterized more detail. The fat, protein and starch contents decreased with increasing bran particle size (P < 0.05). The ash, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and WHC and OHC increased with the increasing bran particle size (P < 0.05). DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with increasing particle size (P < 0.05). The bran fractions 250–355 and >355 μm can be used as high fiber ingredients rich in antioxidants to generate functional foods. |
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Keywords: | Wheat milling co-products Fine grinding Nutritional and fiber composition Antioxidant capacity 2 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (PubChem CID: 2735032) EDTA disodium salt (PubChem CID: 8759) Sodium tetraborate decahydrate (PubChem CID: 22435386) Cetrimonium bromide (PubChem CID: 5974) 3 5- Dinitrosalicylic acid (PubChem CID: 11873) Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Loba chemie India) Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370) All chemicals and solvents were of analytical-reagent quality |
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