我国不同品种黑羽鸡MC1R基因多态性研究

为了研究我国地方黑羽鸡品种MC1R基因的多态性，采用PCR的方法扩增了我国7个黑羽鸡品种(狼山鸡、寿光鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、余干乌骨鸡、鸿光黑鸡和新杨黑鸡)的MC1R基因，并对不同品种鸡MC1R基因序列的多态性进行生物信息学分析。结果显示：7个品种MC1R基因编码区全长均为945 bp，共编码315个氨基酸。7个品种210条序列，总计发现10个多态位点，位于编码区的有9个，其中有7个导致编码氨基酸发生变化，共界定了14种单倍型，定义为Hap1—Hap14，其中东乡绿蛋鸡和寿光鸡有2种单倍型，其他品种单倍型数都在2个以上。系统发育树分化为两个分支，分支I仅包含新杨黑鸡，分支II包含其他6个黑羽鸡品种。我国黑羽鸡MC1R基因表现出丰富的多态性，中国本土黑羽鸡品种和国外血缘黑羽品种存在MC1R基因多态位点上存在差别。该研究结果为我国黑羽地方鸡遗传资源的种质保护、品种选育和鉴定工作提供了参考。

MC1R gene polymorphism in Chinese black-plumage chicken breeds

This research aimed to characterize the MC1R gene polymorphism of Chinese black-plumage chicken breeds. Seven black plumage chicken breeds (Langshan, Shouguang, Dongxiang Blue-eggshell, Yanjin Black-bone, Yugan Black-bone, Hongguang black, and Xinyang black) were collected, the sequence of the MC1R gene was PCR amplified, sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics. The complete CDS of the MC1R gene of seven breeds were all 945 by in length encoding a predicted polypeptide of 315 amino acids. A total of 10 polymorphic sites were found in 210 sequences of seven chicken breeds, including 9 polymorphic loci in the coding region, of which seven were non-synonymous mutations that cause amino acid changes. The 14 haplotypes were observed based on 10 polymorphic sites. Dongxiang Blue-eggshell and Shouguang had two haplotypes, the other breeds all had two more haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups, Group I consisted of Xinyang black chicken, and the other six black plumage chicken breeds were distributed in Group II. Our data suggested abundant genetic polymorphism in the chicken MC1R gene, which could be regarded as markers for the Chinese native breed and foreign blood breed of chicken. Therefore, this work will provide the theoretical basis for further evaluation studies, preservation, and utilization of Chinese black-plumage chicken breeds.