荷包红鲤与德国镜鲤正反杂交组遗传结构的微卫星分析

用11对微卫星引物对两个杂交组合（荷包红鲤♀×德国镜鲤♂,德国镜鲤♀×荷包红鲤♂）的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明：11对引物均能表现很好的多态性,可用作两个杂交组合遗传结构的分析,且得到的MFW 30可以用来鉴别正反杂交组的双亲;正反杂交组多态信息含量（PIC）均值分别为0.5072和0.5359,属高度多态性;子代的有效等位基因数分别为2.6594和2.9211,均大于母本而小于父本;在反交组子代中杂合度为0.9212,要高出双亲,正交组中为0.7515,介于双亲之间,均显示出子代的高遗传变异水平;Hardy-Weinberg平衡的卡方检测发现,正反杂交子代分别有8个和10个位点发生大幅度偏离平衡;双亲间遗传距离正交组为0.2699,反交组为0.3578,显示出能产生杂交优势的潜力且正交组要低于反交组;UPGMA聚类图显示,子代在正交组中与母本近,在反交组中与父本近,两者都提示杂交子代与荷包红鲤的亲缘关系较近。

Analysis of genetic structure in obverse and inverse cross of purse red carp and German mirror carp by microsatellite markers

Eleven pairs of microsatellite primers were used to study genetic structure in two cross combination（Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis♀×C.carpio mirror♂,C.carpio mirror♀×C.carpio var.wuyuanensis♂）.The primers were showed rich in polymorphisis,and can be employed for the genetic variation analysis of this reciprocal cross.MFW30 was found to be used to distinguish the broodstocks for both crosses.The average PIC value of the obverse cross and inverse cross were 0.5072 and 0.5359,respectively,high polymorphic;the average effective number of alleles were all larger than the male brood stock and less than the female brood stock with 2.6594 and 2.9211 respectively;the average heterozygosity was higher in the offspring in the obverse cross（0.9212）than those in their brood stock and in the inverse cross（0.7515）,showing a high genetic diversity of offspring.The Chi-square test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed that 8 and 10 loci deviated from the equilibrium of the two groups of offspring as a result of artificial selection or small broodstocks content probably.The genetic distance between brood stock was 0.2699 for the obverse cross and 0.3578 for the inverse cross,indicating that the existed potential was higher in hybrid vigor and the inverse cross than that in the obverse cross.The UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the offspring was near to the female brood stock in the obverse cross and near to male brood stock in the inverse cross,suggesting that the purse red carp pass down more genetic material than that from the German mirror carp.