异源细胞质小麦的赤霉病抗性研究

为了探索异源细胞质在小麦抗赤霉病育种中利用的可能性，用麦穗单花定位注射接种法、双层培养法、电导率法研究了小麦3个近缘属9个近缘种植物的细胞质对小麦赤霉病抗性的遗传效应。结果表明，9个近缘种的细胞质对小麦的赤霉现抗生存在明显的细胞质遗传效应和核质互作遗传效应，异质系的赤霉病抗性因核质组合的不同而有差异。具偏凸山羊草细胞质的小麦异质系（Ae.ventricosa)Pe1068-069和（Ae.ventricosa）鉴9的植株水平抗性的和细胞水平抗性比其核亲本增强，并且在不同年度的田间和室内鉴定中抗性表现稳定。穗轴及叶片细胞的质膜透性测定结果显示，小麦异质系的赤霉病抗性与植株在受到病菌毒素侵害时的质膜透性呈负相关。选择理想的核质组合和行为之有效的筛选、鉴定方法是培育抗赤霉病异源细胞质小麦材料的关键。

Study on Scab-Resistance of Alloplasmic Wheats

In order to exploit the alloplasmic effects on scab resistent breeding of wheat, eighteen alloplasmic wheats with the cytoplasms of wild relatives from nine species of three generas and their twelve nuclear parents were screened for resistance to Scab with three methods, which are single floret injection inoculation method, double layer culture technique and electrical conduction rate. The results showed that there were cytoplasmic genetic effects and nucleus cytoplasmic genetic effects on Scab resistance of wheats. The scab resistance of alloplasmic lines ( Ae.ventricosa ) Pe 1068 069 and ( Ae.ventricosa ) Jian 9 with Ae. ventricosa cytoplasm , were stronger in laboratory and in field identification than their nuclear parents Pe 1068 069 and Jian 9, respectively, and this result was stable in different field and laboratory tests. The cell membrane permeability of alloplasmic wheats was negative related to Scab resistance . Selecting ideal nucleus cytoplasmic combination and effective methods of screening and identification are indispensable to Scab resistant breeding of alloplasmic wheats.