论作物高产的遗传基础及实现产量突破的技术与途径

论述了作物高产的遗传基础及其技术途径,认为作物理想型有利于提高群体光合产量,是实现作物高产的形态基础;利用不同基因型之间的互作关系将是获得作物理想型的一个可能的途径。随着分子生物技术的发展,许多学者已将C4作物的高光效基因和转化高效基因导入C3作物,该方向的研究将可能获得作物产量的跨越式提高。另外,筛选具有高光效或耐光抑制特性的种质资源材料,也是进行作物高产育种的重要基础。就小麦而言,穗分化特性的改良也是提高其产量水平的重要途径。

Genetic Basis of High-yield and Technology of Improving Yield in Crops

The increase of crop yield is the main content of different crop genetic improvement at all times,which includes the external character design of high-yield varieties and the internal cha-racter improvement,such as synthesis,transportation,transform and accumulation of assimilative matter.The ideal type of crop is propitious to increase the photosynthesic production of colony.One potential approach to obtaining ideotype crop is using the interaction of different genotypes.With the development of molecular biology technology,many scientists have transformed high photosynthetic efficiency genes of C4 crop and high transformation efficiency genes into C3 crop,which is likely to increase the crop yield significantly.In addition,the screening of germplasm resources with high photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to photoinhibition characters is also important to breeding high yield crops.For wheat,the improvement of spike differentiation is an important approach to actualize the high yield target.