河北省主要农作物水足迹与耗水结构分析

【目的】调整区域农业种植结构,合理利用区域农业水资源。【方法】基于水足迹理论框架分析了1957—2015年河北省14种农作物的水足迹及其历史变化趋势,通过核算农作物耗水率和单位水价值2个指标,划分了主要农作物的耗水结构。【结果】河北省主要农作物年均总水足迹为434.4亿m~3,其中蓝水、绿水和灰水分别占44%、42%和14%;总水足迹、绿水足迹及灰水足迹均呈逐年增加趋势;而蓝水足迹变化趋势不明显。冬小麦、夏玉米、水果与蔬菜为主要耗水作物。棉花和芝麻耗水率最高,为典型的高耗水作物。甜菜、蔬菜和水果的单位水价值最高,且耗水结构最优。【结论】河北省可进一步控制棉花和芝麻的种植规模,在不造成水压力的前提下,适度扩大蔬菜和水果的种植规模。

Analysis of Water Footprint and Water Consumption Structure of Major Crops in Hebei Province

【Objective】This paper aims to adjust the regional agricultural planting structure, make rational use of regional agricultural water resources.【Method】The total water footprint and its historical trends of 14 main crops from 1957 to 2015 in Hebei province of northern China were analyzed based on the traditional water footprint calculation framework. All of the 14 crops were classified based on the unit water footprint and price index per unit of water.【Result】The average annual total water footprint of major crops in Hebei province was 43.44 billion m~3.The blue water, green water and grey water accounted for 44%, 42%, and 14%, respectively. The total water footprint, green water footprint, and grey water footprint all had increasing trends, however the total blue water footprint had not significant trend. Winter wheat, summer maize, fruits and vegetables accounted for a larger proportion of the total water footprint. For individual crops, cotton and sesame had the highest water consumption rate,which were typical high water-consuming crops. The unit water value of beet, vegetable and fruit is the highest,and the water consumption structure was best.【Conclusion】It was pointed out that the sown area of cotton and sesame can be further controled, and the scale of fruits and vegetables which under the premise of not causing water pressure should be expanded, so as to meet the agricultural water-saving and water-adaptive development in Hebei and promote the implementation of the national strategy of integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.