紫茄生长及养分利用对增氧地下滴灌的响应研究

【目的】探究不同土壤条件下增氧灌溉方式对作物生长、产量及养分利用的影响。【方法】以郑州黄黏土、洛阳粉黏质壤土和驻马店砂壤土为供试土壤,以常规地下滴灌为对照(CK),设置曝气灌溉(AI)与化学增氧灌溉(HP)2种增氧方式,研究了温室紫茄生长及养分利用对增氧地下滴灌的响应。【结果】与CK相比,AI和HP处理提高供试土壤中紫茄净光合速率,黄黏土、粉黏质壤土和砂壤土下分别增加19.66%和8.49%、14.02%和7.51%、10.13%和5.91%。同时,AI和HP处理均显著促进根系生长、提升根系活力,进而提高紫茄的养分吸收效率、产量和水分利用效率(P<0.05)。其中,黄黏土下AI和HP处理作物氮吸收效率分别提高136.16%和65.43%,紫茄产量提高46.85%和28.49%,水分利用效率提高44.59%和27.38%;粉黏质壤土AI和HP处理作物氮素吸收效率分别提高141.23%和88.76%,产量分别提高41.52%和20.68%,水分利用效率提高41.06%和21.39%;砂壤土AI和HP处理作物氮素吸收效率分别提高112.60%和45.47%,产量提高49.86%和17.59%,水分利用效率提高48.81%和17.97%。【结论】曝气地下滴灌对紫茄生长、水分和养分利用的促进作用较为显著,而在不同土壤类型下,曝气地下滴灌对砂壤土紫茄产量增产及水分利用效率提升效果最优。

The Efficacy of Oxygenation in Improving Growth and Nutrients Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Purple Eggplant

【Objective】Oxygenation has been proved effective in improving soil environment for crops to grow in less permeable soil, and the purpose of this paper is to test its effects on nutrient utilization and yield of purple eggplant under aerated subsurface drip irrigation.【Method】The plant was grown in greenhouse and we examined the efficacy of the aerated subsurface drip irrigation on three typical soils in Henan province: Zhengzhou yellow clay(YC), Luoyang clay loam(SCL) and Zhumadian sandy loam(HL). The water used in all irrigation was local groundwater. We investigated two oxygenation methods: aerating the irrigation water(AI) and adding hydrogen peroxide solution(HP) in the irrigation water, with conventional irrigation without oxygenation as the control(CK)【Result】AI and HIP increased the photosynthetic rate by 19.66% and 8.49% for YC, 14.02% and 7.51% for SCL, 10.13% and 5.91% for HL, respectively, compared to CK. In addition, AI and HP improved root activity,thereby increasing nutrients uptake, crop yield and water use efficiency(P<0.05). Compared to CK, AI and HP increased i) nitrogen uptake by 136.16% and 65.43% for YC, 141.23% and 88.76% for SCL, 112.60% and 45.47%for HL; ii) crop yield by 46.85% and 28.49% for YC, 41.52% and 20.68% for SCL, 49.86% and 17.59% for H;and iii) water use efficiency by 44.59% and 27.38%(YC), 41.06% and 21.39%(SCL) 48.81% and 17.97%(H).【Conclusion】Aerating irrigation water had noticeable beneficial impact on root growth, photosynthetic rate, nutrient and water utilization efficiency and the ultimate yield in all the three tested soils, especially for the sandy loam.