含砂层层位及厚度变化条件下层状土上升毛管水运动特性研究

【目的】解决我国西北地区土壤次生盐碱化问题。【方法】通过室内试验,对层状土上升毛管水运动特性进行了分析,并考虑了含砂层层位和厚度共同变化影响下的毛管水运动特性变化规律,建立了地下水补给量、毛管水上升高度随时间变化的函数关系,并进一步对其地下水补给量和毛管水上升高度等值线变化分布情况进行了对比分析。【结果】含砂层层位与体积常数和高度常数之间有明显的正相关关系;与达到稳定时的地下水补给速率和毛管水上升速率有明显的负相关关系,由于含砂层的作用,达到稳定时的地下水补给速率和上升速率与含砂层厚度有明显的负相关关系;当地下水补给的时间持续在0～4 d、含砂层层位在30～50 cm之间变化、厚度在0～15 cm变化时,地下水补给量和毛管水上升高度受二者的影响最为明显;当地下水补给的时间持续在4～12 d、含砂层层位在15～30 cm之间变化、厚度在15～30 cm之间变化时,地下水补给量和毛管水上升高度受二者的影响最为明显。【结论】函数中拟合参数体积常数v、稳定补给速率q*、地下水补给时间常数τQ决定了层状土地下水补给量的变化规律;毛管水上升高度υ、稳定上升速率μ*、上升高度时间常数τh决定了层状土毛管水上升高度的变化规律。

Study on the Variation Characteristics of Rising Capillary Water of Layered Soil under Variation of Sand Layer and Thickness

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to solve secondary salinization of soil in Northwest China.【Method】the capillary water rising movement characteristics of layered soil has been analyzed through indoor test. And the variation characteristics of capillary water movement under the influence of common change of layer and thickness of sand layer has been considered in this paper, and functional relationship between groundwater recharge and height of capillary water rising with time changing has been built. Furthermore, contour distribution of groundwater recharge and capillary water rising height has been also comparative analyzed.【Result】There was a very significant positive correlation between the horizon and the volume constant and the height constant(P<0.01). And there was a significant negative correlation between the horizon and the stable recharge rate of groundwater and the rate of steady increase of capillary water(P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the thickness of sand layer and stable recharge rate and steady rising rate(P<0.05). When the duration of the capillary water height was rising was 0～4 days, the sandy layer was 30～50 cm, the thickness of sand layer was 0～15 cm, which has a significant effect on the change of groundwater recharge and height of capillary water. When the duration of the capillary water height was rising was 4～12 days, the sand layer is distributed in15～30 cm, the thickness of sand layer was 15～30 cm, which has a significant effect on the change of groundwater recharge and height of capillary water. To summarize, the results of this study were of great significance for the study of water salt movement and soil salinization in layered soils.【Conclusion】The fitting parameters of the function including volume constant(v), stable recharge rate(q*), groundwater recharge time constant(τQ), capillary water rising height(υ), steady rising rate(μ*) and rising height time constant(τh) were determined by the variation of capillary groundwater recharge and capillary water height with time changing respectively.