追肥对受淹玉米生长和产量的恢复效应

【目的】寻求适宜的追肥方案,最大程度恢复受淹玉米的生长和产量。【方法】分别于2017年和2018年6—9月,采用测坑模拟淹水的方法,在河南商丘开展了夏玉米淹水和排水后不同施肥方案的试验研究。夏玉米拔节—抽雄阶段,以淹水(W1)和不淹水(W2)为主处理,排水后施肥方案为副处理,分别为:不追肥处理(CK)、N 100 kg/hm~2处理(F1)、N 100 kg/hm~2+P2O575 kg/hm~2处理(F2)、N 100 kg/hm~2+K_2O 75 kg/hm~2处理(F3)和N 100 kg/hm~2+P2O575 kg/hm~2+K_2O 75 kg/hm~2处理(F4),试验小区重复3次。【结果】W1处理的玉米群体株高、株高整齐度、叶面积指数和产量比W2处理分别下降了4.6%、45.9%、10.9%和24.3%;对于淹水处理,排水后不同追肥措施可以显著降低淹水对玉米生长和产量所造成的危害(P<0.05),其中追肥F3处理的玉米群体株高比CK、F1和F2处理分别提高6.6%、4.7%和3.3%,株高整齐度分别增加130.8%、94.4%和48.3%,叶面积指数分别增加17.7%、9.7%和6.9%,产量分别增加20.9%、15.7%和13.1%,F3处理和F4处理间差异不显著;淹水显著降低了夏玉米植株的干物质积累(P<0.05),在淹水条件下,F3处理和F4处理的植株干物质积累量显著大于其他处理(P<0.05)。【结论】受淹玉米在排水后,追施氮肥对生长和产量具有显著的恢复效应(P<0.05),同时增施钾肥对氮肥具有显著的协同增效的作用(P<0.05)。在夏玉米生产区,对于受淹玉米生长和产量的恢复,氮钾配施氮100 kg/hm~2+K_2O 75 kg/hm~2是较为适宜的灾后追肥方案。

Restoration Effect of Fertilizers Topdressing on Growth and Yield of Flooded Maize

【Objective】The study was carried out to find suitable topdressing scheme to maximize the recovery of growth and yield of flooded maize.【Method】The experiment of different fertilization schemes for summer maize under flooding and drainage was carried out in June-September of 2017 and 2018 by using pit test method to simulate flooding. Flooding(W1) and Non-flooding water(W2)were the main treatment, and the fertilization scheme after drainage was the secondary treatment, respectively: non-topdressing treatment(CK), N 100 kg/hm~2 treatment(F1), N 100 kg/hm~2+P_2O_5 75 kg/hm~2 treatment(F2), N 100 kg/hm~2+ K_2O 75 kg/hm~2 treatment(F3)and N 100 kg/hm~2+ P_2O_575 kg/hm~2+ K_2O 75 kg/hm~2 treatment(F4), and the experiment plot was repeated for 3 times.【Result】The results showed that the maize population plant height, plant height uniformity, leaf area index and the yield treated with W1 were 4.6%, 45.9%, 10.9% and 24.3% lower than those treated with W2, respectively. For flooding water treatment, different topdressing measures after drainage could significantly reduce the damage to maize growth and yield caused by flooding(P<0.05). Among them, topdressing treatment F3 had higher plant height than CK, F1 and F2 increased by 6.6%, 4.7% and 3.3%, and plant height uniformity increased by 130.8%,94.4% and 48.3%, leaf area index increased by 17.7%, 9.7% and 6.9%, and yield increased by 20.9%, 15.7% and13.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between F3 treatment and F4. Flooding significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation of summer maize plants(P< 0.05). Under flooding conditions, the dry matter accumulation of F3 and F4 plants was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Therefore, after the drainage, topdressing N fertilizer had significant recovery effect on growth and yield of flooding maize(P<0.05), and increasing K fertilizer had significant synergistic effect on N fertilizer(P<0.05). In summer maize production area, nitrogen and potassium combined application is a suitable topdressing scheme for the recovery of growth and yield of flooded maize.