卷盘式喷灌机用斜击式和切击式水涡轮外特性试验与对比分析

【目的】了解斜击式和切击式卷盘式喷灌机水涡轮的外特性。【方法】构建了水涡轮外特性试验装置,测试了一定转速下2种型式水涡轮的流量、进出口水压力、扭矩、转速等外特性数据,获得了2种型式水涡轮流量-水头、流量-轴功率和流量-效率特性曲线以及一定水头下2种型式水涡轮的转速特性,即转速-效率、转速-功率曲线。【结果】斜击式水涡轮的最优运行转速在300 r/min左右,最高效率仅为13.8%,而切击式水涡轮的最优运行转速在600 r/min左右,效率为33.7%。在2种型式水涡轮效率最高时,切击式水涡轮的轴功率增加了34.3%,运行流量减少了约29.7%,效率提高了19.9%。【结论】切击式水涡轮总体性能高于斜击式水涡轮。

Experimental and Comparative Analysis on Hydraulic Performance of Inclined-jet and Tangential Water Turbines for Hose Reel Irrigators

【Objective】The aim is to grasp the hydraulic characteristics of the existing water turbines for hose reel irrigators in China including inclined-jet type and tangential type, the water turbine hydraulic characteristic test device is built.【Method】The hydraulic characteristic data of flow rate, inlet pressure, outlet pressure, torque and rotational speed of the two water turbines at a certain speed were tested, and flow-head, flow-power and flow-efficiency characteristic curves for two water turbines were obtained. In addition, the rotational speed characteristics of the two water turbines under a certain head, namely the rotational speed-efficiency and the rotational speedpower curves can be calculated.【Result】The optimal operating rotational speed of the inclined-jet water turbine was about 300 r/min, the highest efficiency was only 13.8%, while the optimal operating speed of the tangential water turbine was about 600 r/min, and the efficiency was 33.7%. Further comparative analysis showed that compared with the performance of the inclined-jet water turbine, the shaft power of the tangential water turbine increased by 34.3%, the operating flow rate decreased by about 29.7%, and the efficiency increased by 19.9%,when two water turbines operating at the most efficient work point.【Conclusion】Therefore, the overall performance of the tangential water turbine is better than that of the inclined-jet water turbine, which provides reference data for further improving the performance of the water turbine of the hose reel irrigator.