不同灌水量与每穴直播粒数对滴灌水稻生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】探索滴灌水稻高产高效的适宜灌溉定额及播种量。【方法】本试验在新疆农业科学院国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效应监测基地进行,设置3个灌溉定额水平,分别为796 mm(W1)、938 mm(W2)、1 059 mm(W3),每穴直播粒数设为每穴8粒(D1)、14粒(D2)、20粒(D3)3个水平,观测比较不同生育期株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量等生长指标,分析不同灌水量与每穴直播粒数对滴灌水稻生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】灌水量与每穴直播粒数交互作用以组合W3D1株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累量最高,分别为83.46 cm、8.46和2 962.67 g/m2,交互作用达到极显著水平(p≤0.01);W3D1处理产量最高达到6 789.00 kg/hm~2,灌水量对产量的影响达到显著水平(p≤0.05);W3D1水分利用效率为最优组合达到0.65 kg/m3。每穴直播粒数为8粒时,与W1、W2处理相比,W3处理产量增幅为54.95%、30.24%;W3处理中,D1处理与D2、D3处理相比,产量增幅分别为19.11%、23.96%。【结论】在本试验条件下,W3D1组合灌溉水量及每穴直播粒数为最佳。

Effects of Different Irrigation Volume and Direct Seeding Number on Growth and Yield of Rice under Drip Irrigation

【Objective】This paper aims to explore the optimal irrigation quota and seeding rate for high yield and high efficiency of drip irrigation rice.【Method】The experiment was carried out at the national monitoring base of fertility and fertilizer effect of grey desert soil of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Three irrigation quotas were set at 796 mm(W1), 938 mm(W2), 1 059 mm(W3), and the number of direct seeding grains was 8 grains(D1), 14 grains(D2) and 20 grains(D3) per hole. The water use efficiency, yield and dry matter were measured by sampling at different growth stages. The effects of different irrigation amount and direct seeding grain number on the growth and yield of drip irrigation rice were analyzed.【Result】The highest dry matter accumulation was 2 962.67 g/m2 in combination W3 D1, and the interaction between irrigation and direct seeding grain number was very significant; the highest plant height was 83.46 cm in combination W3 D1, and the highest leaf area index was in combination W3 D1 in interaction with direct seeding grain number, reaching extremely significant water level. The yield of W3 treatment increased by 54.95% and 30.24% compared with those of W1 and W2 treatment when the number of direct seeding grains was 8. In W3 water treatment, the yield of D1 treatment increased by 19.11% and 23.96% respectively compared with those of D2 and D3 treatment. From the interaction between irrigation amount and direct seeding grain number, the yield of each irrigation amount and direct seeding grain number increased by 19.11% and 23.96%, respectively. The highest yield of W3 D1 treatment was 6 789.00 kg/km2, and the best combination of W3 D1 treatment was 0.65 kg/m3.【Conclusion】By observing the water use efficiency, yield, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio, plant height, leaf area index and other indicators at different growth stages, it is indicated that W3 D1 combination is the best irrigation water quantity and direct seeding grain number under the experimental conditions.