施肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤团聚体组成及其碳、氮分布的影响

【目的】研究施肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤团聚体组成及其碳、氮分布的影响,为改善采煤塌陷复垦土壤的物理团粒结构与化学性质,促进复垦土壤碳氮循环与利用提供一定理论基础。【方法】以山西省晋城市采煤塌陷复垦区土壤为研究对象,在常规灌溉条件下,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),研究了有机肥、无机肥、有机无机肥配施3种施肥处理对0～20、20～40 cm土层团聚体组成及碳、氮分布的影响。【结果】与CK相比,有机肥处理显著增加了土壤>2mm和1～2 mm粒级团聚体量,降低了0.053～0.25 mm和<0.053 mm粒级微团聚体量,单施化肥较有机肥处理提高了微团聚体量。单施有机肥、有机无机肥配施处理土壤的平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)显著高于单施化肥处理,分形维数(D)低于化肥处理。有机肥处理土壤有机碳、全氮量最高,有机无机肥处理配施次之,单施化肥处理显著低于有机肥处理;土壤有机碳、全氮主要分布在>2 mm、1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级大团聚体,显著高于0.053～0.25 mm、<0.053 mm粒级小团聚体;有机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理土壤>2 mm、1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级团聚体中的有机碳、全氮量要显著高于单施无机肥处理的。各施肥处理土壤1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮贡献率较高,显著高于其余粒级。有机肥、有机无机配施处理各级团聚体(除0.053～0.25 mm外)的C/N值显著高于CK,而单施化肥处理与CK差异不显著。【结论】不同施肥处理(尤其是有机肥)提高了复垦土壤大团聚体量,增强了团聚体稳定性,提高了团聚体有机碳、全氮量。

Efficacy of Fertilization in Improving Soil Aggregation,Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil Reclaimed from Subsided Areas Caused by Coal Mining

【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present experimental results on efficacy of fertilization in improving aggregation and carbon and nitrogen accumulation in soil reclaimed from subsided areas caused by coal mining.【Method】The experiment was conducted under conventional irrigation with non-fertilization as the CK. We compared three treatments: applying organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer. For each treatment, we measured the size of soil aggregates, and carbon and nitrogen content in0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil in a coal mining-induced subsided area at Jincheng City in Shanxi Province.【Result】Compared to CK, organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of macro-aggregates sized >1 mm,and reduced the content of micro-aggregates sized < 0.25 mm. Inorganic fertilization enhanced formation of micro-aggregates, compared to organic fertilization. Applying organic fertilizer significantly increased the average weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GMD) of the aggregates, and reduced the fractal dimension D of the aggregates. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil under organic fertilization was the highest, followed by organic-inorganic fertilization. The content of carbon and total nitrogen in soil with a single application of inorganic fertilizer was much lower than that under organic fertilization. Majority of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in aggregates > 0.2 mm, 1～2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, especially under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization. The C∶N ratio in all aggregates(except those in 0.053～0.25 mm) was much lower under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization than under CK, and C∶N ratio in CK and inorganic fertilization was comparable.【Conclusion】Fertilizations, especially organic fertilizer, can enhance macro-aggregation in reclaimed soil from subsided areas induced by coal mining. It also increased the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the aggregates.