水氮耦合对烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响

[目的]探讨贵州省黔东南州烤烟种植适宜的水氮耦合模式。[方法]采用田间小区试验,设置4种灌水水平,分别为0水平(W0:0L/株)、1水平(W1:0.5L/株)、2水平(W2:1.0L/株)、3水平(W3:2.0L/株),2种施氮水平,分别为1水平(N1:90kg/hm2)、2水平(N2:120kg/hm2),研究了不同施氮量和灌水量8个耦合处理对烤烟生长、烟叶产量和品质的影响。[结果]在试验范围内,烤烟成熟期,施氮量相同时,与W0N2处理相比,W3N2处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积分别增加了13.22%、13.77%、14.36%、10.91%、10.63%和19.95%;当灌水量相同时,与W3N1处理相比,W3N2处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积分别增加了5.39%、7.27%、7.43%、7.45%、0.74%和23.84%,烟叶产量提高2.06%;各等级烟叶中总糖、还原糖、总氮和总钾量均与灌水量极显著正相关,烟碱、蛋白质和含氯量均与灌水量负相关,灌水量和施氮量对烟叶中的化学成分存在显著交互作用;水氮耦合处理各等级烟叶的外观质量和评吸品质均表现较好。[结论]总体来看,以灌水量1.0~2.0L/株,施氮量120kg/hm2的水氮耦合处理烟株生长状况较佳,烟叶产量较高,品质较好。

The Effect of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally elucidate the response of growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco to different fertigation schedules.【Method】The experiment was conducted in field,and we compared four irrigation rates: no irrigation(W_0), 0.5 L per plant(W_1), 1.0 L per plant(W_1) and 2.0 L per plant(W_3), and two nitrogen applications: 90 kg/hm~2(N1) and 120 kg/hm~2(N2). In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and leaf quality of the tobacco.【Result】Compared with W0N2, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length and root volume by 13.22%, 13.77%, 14.36%,10.91%, 10.63% and 19.95%, respectively. Compared with W3N1, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length, root volume and yield by 5.39%, 7.27%, 7.43%, 7.45%, 0.74% and23.84% and 2.06% respectively. Total sugar, reduced sugar, total nitrogen and potassium content in all grade tobacco leaf were positively correlated to irrigation amount, contrasting to alkaloid, protein and chlorine content in tobacco leaf that decreased as the irrigation amount increased. Irrigation amount and nitrogen application interactively impacted chemical components of the tobacco leaf, and all treatments improved visual and tasting quality of all grade leaf, compared to the control.【Conclusion】Irrigating 1.0～2.0 L per plant coupled with 120 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen application gave the best yield and tobacco leaf quality in less fertile soils in Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou province. This could be disseminated to other areas to provide guidance for rational use of water and fertilizer resources and in the meantime improving tobacco quality.