人工浮岛种植水生植物对包头南海湿地水质净化效果研究

【目的】解决包头南海湿地氮磷等营养元素富集的问题,提升包头南海湿地的水质。【方法】于2017年7—9月,在包头南海湿地构筑了一段由3种水生植物单独或混合种植的人工浮岛,并对浮岛的水质进行跟踪监测。【结果】经过92 d的试验处理,风车草对TN的去除效果最好,去除率为36.02%,可以使水体中TN质量浓度提高到地表水Ⅴ类标准;风车草+水葱+千屈菜对TP的去除效果最好,去除率为41.61%,可以使水体中TP质量浓度从地表水Ⅴ类标准提高到Ⅳ类标准;对CODcr去除效果最好的是风车草+水葱+千屈菜,去除率为27.01%。对浮游藻类抑制效果最好的是风车草,可以有效抑制水华束丝藻。【结论】混合植物人工浮岛比单一型人工浮岛去除氮磷等有机物的效果要好,尤以风车草、水葱、千屈菜3种植物混合组成的人工浮岛对氮磷等有机物的效果最好。风车草、水葱、千屈菜可以作为包头南海湿地水体富营养化防治的浮岛栽培植物来进行推广应用。

Effect of Artificial Floating Island Planting Aquatic Plants on the Purificationment of Water Quality in Baotou NanHai Wetland

【Objective】This paper aims to solve the problem of nutrient enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Nanhai wetland of Baotou and improve the water quality of the Nanhai wetland in Baotou.【Method】From July 2017 to September 2017, an artificial floating island constructed by three kinds of aquatic plants, either alone or in combination, was constructed in the wetland, and the water quality of the floating island was tracked and monitored.【Result】After 92 days of trial treatment, the Cyperus alternifolius L had the best removal effect on TN, and the removal rate was 36.04%, which could increase the TN mass concentration in the water body to the surface water V standard; using Cyperus alternifolius L+Scirpus validus Vahl+Lythrum salicariato L, TP had the best removal effect, the removal rate was 41.61%, which could increase the TP concentration in water from the surface water V standard to the IV standard. The best CODcrremoval effect was found in the Cyperus alternifolius L+Scirpus validus Vahl+Lythrum salicariato L, the removal rate was 27.01%. Cyperus alternifolius L had the best inhibitory effect on planktonic algae, which could effectively inhibit the filamentous algae.【Conclusion】The artificial floating islands of mixed plants had better effects on removing nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic matter than single artificial floating islands, especially the artificial floating islands composed of the Cyperus alternifolius L, Scirpus validus Vahl and Lythrum salicariato L. had best effect. Cyperus alternifolius L, Scirpus validus Vahl and Lythrum salicariato L could be promoted and applied as floating island cultivation plants for the eutrophication prevention and control of the Nanhai wetland in Baotou.