我国植保机械化发展短板与提升对策分析

农业机械化是现代农业的装备基础,农业机械化要向全程、全面、高质、高效发展,必须加快补齐植保机械短板。我国植保机械与施药技术发展缓慢虽然与植保机械本身的特性分不开,但在近几年取得长足进步的情况下,却又遭遇农机农艺融合不够深等问题而裹足不前。自走式喷杆喷雾机和自走式风送喷雾机具有农药利用率高、施药均匀性好、对靶性强、作业效率高等优势,是解决防治效果差、农药污染重的最经济的手段,成为减轻农药负面影响,节本增效、提高防控效果和防控能力,保障农产品质量、提高农业生产能力的重要途径,更是保护农业生态环境和实现“农药使用量零增长”的根本出路。通过比较分析欧洲发达国家植保机械农机农艺融合的经验、我国部分地区开展的试验示范情况,得出结论就是农艺、农药与农机等多方面的互融互促,才能解决制约植保机械发展的瓶颈问题,才能促进整个农机化的发展速度和质量,才能推进农业现代化的发展水平。

Analysis of developing short board and lifting countermeasureof plant protection mechanization in China

Agricultural mechanization is the equipment foundation of modern agriculture,agricultural mechanization to the whole process,comprehensive,high quality,efficient development,must accelerate the repair of plant protection machinery.The slow development of plant protection machinery and pesticide application technology in China is closely related to the characteristics of plant protection machinery itself.However,in recent years,it has made great progress,but it is bogged down by problems such as insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and techniques.Self-propelled spray boom sprayer and self propelled the wind send pesticide spraying machine has high utilization and good uniformity of applying pesticide and the target quality,high efficiency advantages,is to address the control effect is poor,pesticide pollution the most economical means,become the negative effects to reduce pesticide,reduce cost increase efficiency,improve the effect of prevention and control and prevention and control ability,ensure the quality of agricultural products,the important way to raise the capacity of agricultural production,but also protect the agricultural ecological environment and realizing the fundamental way out for“pesticides zero growth”.European plant protection machinery and farm machinery in the developed countries by means of comparison and analysis of agricultural integration experience,the parts of our country to carry out the experiment and demonstration,the conclusion is agronomy,pesticides and agricultural machinery,etc blend mutually promote each other,to solve the bottleneck problems restricting the development of plant protection machinery,can promote the whole agricultural mechanization development speed and quality,can promote the development level of agricultural modernization.