灌排模式对超级稻南粳5055抗倒伏能力的影响研究

【目的】研究不同灌排模式对超级稻南粳5055抗倒伏能力的影响。【方法】于2017年5—10月在南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室进行不同灌排模式的桶栽试验。共设浅水勤灌(FSI)、浅湿调控(WSI)、控制灌溉(CI)和秸秆覆盖旱作(DPS)4个处理。【结果】相较FSI处理,WSI处理减少了灌水量,提高了花后期光合速率和叶面积,但茎秆形态和力学特性改善不显著;CI处理相较WSI处理进一步改善茎秆形态和力学特性,显著提高抗倒伏能力,增加产量的同时节约灌水量;DPS处理较FSI处理降低了茎鞘物质输出率和转化率,但干旱严重,茎鞘干物质累积量小于FSI处理,茎秆形态性状未能优化,抗倒伏能力下降。【结论】综合产量、抗倒伏能力及灌水量,最佳灌排模式为控制灌溉,其次为浅湿调控。

The Resistance of Super Rice Oryza Sativa L. Nanjing 5055 to Lodging under Different Irrigation and Drainage

【Objective】This paper is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and drainage on resistance of rice, Oryza sativa L. Nanjing 5055 against lodging.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and we considered four treatments: frequent shallow irrigation(FSI), wet-shallow irrigation(WSI), controlled irrigation(CI), and deficit-irrigation with straw mulching(DPS). In each treatment, we measured the morphology and mechanical properties of the rice stem, the changes in growth indexes, the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after the flowering stage, as well as the translocation of the stem-sheath to dry-matter(PDESS) and to the grain(PDTSS) respectively.【Result】Compared with FSI, WSI reduced irrigation water consumption but increased the photosynthetic rate and flag leaf area after the flowering stage, beneficial to yield, despite having no significant improvement in morphology and mechanical properties of the stems. Compared with WSI, CI not only reduced the amount of irrigation water, but also improved the morphology and mechanical characteristics of the stems,thereby enhancing lodging resistance and increasing the final yield. Compared with FSI, DPS reduced the translocation from stem-sheath(PDESS) to dry-matter and the grain(PDTSS), but increased the dry-matter accumulation due to the increased water stress, leading to a decrease in lodging resistance.【Conclusion】Considering yield,lodging resistance and irrigation water consumption, CI was the most suitable irrigation and drainage method, followed by WSI. The results presented in this paper can help design irrigation and drainage system in southern China to improve resistance of rice against lodging and safeguarding its production.