不同产量水平下冬小麦生长发育和耗水特性研究

【目的】通过控制施肥量来模拟冬小麦不同产量水平,进而了解不同产量下冬小麦生长状况及耗水特性变化,为田间用水管理、区域农业高效用水发展战略的制定提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置4个产量水平7 500 kg/hm~2(C0),8 250 kg/hm~2(C5),9 000 kg/hm~2(C10),9 750 kg/hm~2(C15),以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究不同产量下冬小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累、耗水特性及水分利用效率差异变化。【结果】随目标产量的增加,冬小麦叶面积指数、花前及花后干物质累积量、生物量逐渐增加,干物质转移量、干物质转移率和转移干物质对籽粒的贡献率逐渐减少,产量结果基本达到预期目标。与CK相比,C15处理冬小麦叶面积指数、花前及花后干物质累积量、生物量分别平均增加52.6%、25.9%、112.6%、51.2%,而干物质转移量平均减少44.7%,说明冬小麦后期干物质的合成对籽粒高产的形成起主要作用。随目标产量的增加,冬小麦耗水量增加,土壤含水量减少,2016—2017年C0、C5、C10、C15处理冬小麦水分利用效率无显著差异,2017—2018年各处理冬小麦水分利用效率均有显著性差异,与CK相比,C15处理冬小麦耗水量和水分利用效率分别平均增加29.7%、28.5%。【结论】冬小麦随产量提升的叶面积指数、干物质累积量和耗水量显著增加,其中后期干物质的合成是产量形成的主要原因,同时高产条件下冬小麦水分利用效率显著提高。

Study on Growth,Development and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Different Yield Levels

【Objective】In this experiment, the yield of winter wheat was controlled by controlling the amount of fertilizer applied, and then the change of growth status and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under different yield was understood, which provided a theoretical basis for the management of water use in the field and the formulation of the development strategy of high efficiency water use in regional agriculture.【Method】We set four yield levels, including 7 500 kg/hm~2(C0), 8 250 kg/hm~2(C5), 9 000 kg/hm~2(C10), 9 750 kg/hm~2(C15), with no fertilization(CK) as control, the changes of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different yield were studied.【Result】With the increase of the target yield, the leaf area index of the winter wheat, the accumulated amount of dry matter before and after the flower, the increase of the biomass, the transfer of dry matter, the transfer rate of dry matter and the transfer of dry matter to the kernel gradually decreased, and the yield was basically the expected target. Compared with CK, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis and biomass of winter wheat treated with C15 increased by 52.6%, 25.9%, 112.6% and 51.2% respectively, while the dry matter transfer decreased by 44.7% on average, which indicated that dry matter synthesis in late stage of winter wheat played a major role in the formation of high grain yield. With the increase of target yield, water consumption of winter wheat increased and soil water content decreased, there was no significant difference in water use efficiency of winter wheat treated with C0, C5, C10 and C15 from 2016 to 2017, there were significant differences in water use efficiency of winter wheat in all treatments from 2017 to 2018, compared with CK treatment, C15 treatment increased winter wheat water consumption and water use efficiency by 29.7% and 28.5%, respectively.【Conclusion】Higher leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and water consumption of winter wheat are the main reasons for high yield, and the synthesis of dry matter in later stage is the main reason for yield formation.At the same time, WUE of winter wheat increased significantly under high yield conditions.