四川省杂交水稻新选育组合的米质分析

本文通过对四川省水稻区试优质米组1999~2005年307份(次)品种的全套米质测试资料进行分析,主要性状的优质达标率依次为糙米率(100%)>直链淀粉含量(86.64%)>长宽比(78.18%)>胶稠度(72.96%)>垩白度(52.44%)>垩白米率(45.93%)>整精米率(44.3%);12项稻米理化指标中,呈极显著正相关的因素有6对,呈显著正相关的有3对,呈极显著负相关的有3对,呈显著负相关的有3对;构成四川杂交水稻优米品质变化的主要因子是碾米因子、外观因子1、外观因子2、蒸煮因子1、外观因子3和蒸煮因子2,其贡献率分别是23.96%、22.04%、12.97%、10.21%、9.06%和6.5%。笔者认为四川省杂交水稻优质育种的主要限制因素是整精米率、垩白米率、垩白度。但因各性状间有着复杂的互作关系,育种上应抓住主要矛盾,以提高稻米品质的总体水平。

Analysis of grain quality of new hybrid rice in Sichuan

The 12 grain quality traits of 307 hybrid rices in Sichuan Province Good Quality Regional Trial from 1999 to 2005 were analyzed.The results showed that:The order for rate of 7 main good quality characters of tested varieties was Brown rice rate(BRR)(100 %) > Amylose content(AC)(86.64 %) > Length-width ratio of milled rice(LWR)(78.18 %) > Gel consistency(GC)(72.96 %) > Chalky area percentage(CA)(52.44 %) > Chalky rice percentage(CR)(45.93 %) > Head rice rate(HRR)(44.3 %);Among 12 physics-chemical characters of tested varieties,a significant positive correlation is 1 % level between BRR and MRR(Milled rice rate),BRR and PC(Protein content),MRR and PC,MRL(Milled rice length) and LWR,CR and CA,CR and AC;A significant positive correlation is 5 % level between HRR and GC,HRR and AC,GC and AC;A significant negative correlation is 1 % level between BRR and HRR,BRR and GC,MRR and GC;A significant negative correlation is 5 % level between MRR and HRR,LWR and CR,GC and PC;Principal component of good quality character hybrid rice in Sichuan are Milled factor,Apparent factor 1,Apparent factor 2,Cooking factor 1,Apparent factor 3,Cooking factor 2.Major limited factors of breeding hybrid rice good quality in Sichuan are HRR,CR,and CA.