温湿度对南方根结线虫卵孵化和二龄幼虫的影响

根结线虫病害是世界上最难防治的蔬菜病害之一，是否可以通过控制生态条件经济有效地防治根结线虫病害值得深入研究。本文利用室内纯培养技术研究了温湿度单因素和双因素对南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）2龄幼虫(J2)的致死率和卵囊中卵孵化率的影响。试验结果表明，该线虫对温度敏感，40 ℃以上高温和5 ℃以下低温即可抑制J2存活和卵囊中卵孵化，15～30 ℃是线虫的适宜温度；该线虫对湿度不十分敏感，只有干旱（含水量低于1%）和高湿（含水量高于30%）时，对线虫才有一定抑制作用。低温（5 ℃以下低温、含水量5%以上湿度）和高温高湿（35 ℃以上温度和30%含水量）抑制卵囊中卵孵化和J2的存活。本数据的获得将为设施园艺中生态控制南方根结线虫病害提供理论指导和数据支持。

Effects of temperature and moisture on egg hatching and the second instars of Meloidogyne incognita

Root knot nematode disease is one of the disastrous vegetable diseases all over the world. Whether it could be controlled by adjusting ecological conditions, such as temperature and moisture, is worth further study. To examine whether temperature and moisture affect the hatching rate and mortality of the 2nd instars of Meloidogyne incognita, two single factorial experiments (temperature or moisture) and a two factorial experiment (interaction of temperature and moisture) were designed. The results showed that M. incognita was sensitive to temperature. Egg hatching and the 2nd instars were inhibited when temperature was above 40 °C and below 5 °C. The suitable temperature for M. incognita was 15~30 °C. M. incognita was not sensitive to moisture. The suitable moisture for the 2nd instars and egg hatching ranged from 5% to 25%. M. incognita was suppressed only when the water content were below 1% or above 30%. The interaction between temperature and moisture significantly affected 2nd instars and egg hatching of M. incognita. Low temperature (5 °C) with water content above 5% and high temperature 35 °C with high water content above 30% reduced survival of the 2nd instars and egg hatching. Our results suggested that managing ecological conditions in greenhouses could control root knot nematode disease of vegetables.