有机物料循环对红壤稻田系统磷素营养的影响

采用动态采样结合室内分析方法,比较研究了中国科学院桃源农业生态实验站的长期田间定位试验中长期施与不施磷肥、有机物料循环再利用和在有机物料循环再利用的基础上配施磷肥等几种施肥模式对土壤Olsen-P含量、水稻不同生育期茎叶和子实磷含量、以及各生育期累积吸收和利用磷的影响。结果表明,长期不施磷肥土壤速效磷(Olsen-P)降低到小于5.mg/kg;施磷肥或有机物料循环再利用模式,土壤Olsen-P维持在5～10mg/kg之间的中等水平;在保持系统内有机物料循环再利用的基础上配施磷肥,土壤Olsen-P迅速提高,超过10.mg/kg。稻田系统内有机物料循环再利用可促进水稻对磷的吸收,增加水稻各生育期茎叶和子实的磷含量,提高各生育期水稻累积吸收磷量和磷的利用率。

Effect of organic residues cycling on phosphorus nutrition in red paddy systems of south China

The effects of four different fertilization patterns, no application of P, single application of chemical P fertilizer, cycling reuse of organic residues (rice straw, pig feces and green manure) and cycling reused of organic residues incorporated with chemical P, on Olsen-P in paddy soil, P content in grain and haulm of rice as well as the P uptake and accumulation at different growth durations of rice were studied using the samples taken from a long-term experiment field of the Taoyuan Station of Agro-ecosystem Observation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed the different fertilization patterns significantly affected the content of soil available P, P uptake and the P use efficiency of rice in red paddy system of south China. Under the condition of long-term no application of P, the Olsen-P in soil decreased to a low level (less than 5 mg/kg), and Olsen P maintained at a middle level (5~10mg/kg) through single application of chemical P and cycling reuse of organic residue. However, the Olsen P was increased to a high level (higher than 10 mg/kg) through cycling reuse of organic residues incorporated with chemical P. Cycling reuse of organic residues in the ecosystem of paddy field was beneficial to promoting P uptake and accumulation and P use efficiency of rice.