一例大食蚁兽贫血的诊治及分析

2017年天津市动物园首次引进大食蚁兽(Myrmecophaga tridactyla),雌、雄各1只,并于2018年7月16日产下1只雌性幼仔。在哺乳期间,雌兽面部出现丘疹状水泡,嗜睡,活动时快速徘徊,显现烦躁状态,四肢明显无力,食欲不佳,易呕吐,反复出血性肠炎。2019年9月,雌兽食量降至健康时的1/3,体重降至35 kg,减少15 kg。血生化检查显示,血氨与治疗后对比异常升高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容偏低。血涂片瑞氏染色可见薄型红血球、卡波德环状小体和偏心红血球。根据实验室检查结果,初步诊断为营养性巨幼细胞贫血合并缺铁性贫血。治疗原则为保肝护肝,补充叶酸、维生素B₁₂和多种矿物质,降低饲料动物性蛋白质含量,调理胃肠道菌群。经过为期1年的治疗调理,该食蚁兽食欲、活动良好,体重增加至45 kg,各项指标趋于正常。

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia in Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Myrmecophaga tridactyla was first introduced to Tianjin Zoo in 2017,with one female and one male respectively.A female cub was born on the July 16,2018.During lactation,the female individual had popular blisters on its face,and showed lethargy,rapid wandering with fidgety condition during activity.In addition to that,the female also presented obvious weakness of limbs,poor appetite,easy vomiting,and recurrent hemorrhagic enteritis.In September 2019,the anteater s diet was reduced to one third of its normal when healthy,and her body weight was down to 35 kg with a 15 kg decrease.Blood biochemical examination showed that serum ammonia increased abnormally,and that alanine aminotransferase increased,erythrocyte,hemoglobin,he-matocrit was low.Thin red blood cells,Cabot ring,and eccentric red blood cells could be seen via blood smear.According to the results of laboratory examination,the patient was diagnosed as nutritional megaloblastic anemia combined with iron deficiency anemia.The treatment principle is to protect the liver and supply with folic acid,vitamin B₁₂ and a variety of minerals,and to reduce feed animal protein content and regulate gastrointestinal flora.After one year of treatment,the anteater s appetite and activity were good,its weight increased to 45 kg,and many indices tended to be normal.