基于综合评价的矿业废弃地整治时序确定

为确定合理的矿业废弃地整治时序,保护生态环境,迎合矿产资源型城市经济发展和产业转型的用地需求。该文以北京市门头沟区为研究区域,从生态状况、修复成本、区位条件、经济和社会因素4个层面构建了确定矿业废弃地整治时序的评价指标体系,进而构建了基于该指标体系的评价模型。兼顾行政管理的需要,将门头沟区行政村界线图、煤矿废弃地分布图进行叠加,以村作为评价单元,对各指标进行量化,确定煤矿废弃地的整治时序。研究结果表明:在北京市门头沟区,煤矿废弃地分布在45个村庄,其中,近期整治的村为16个,煤矿废弃地面积121.94 hm2;中期整治的村为19个,煤矿废弃地面积105.41 hm2;远期整治的村为10个,煤矿废弃地面积54.27 hm2,该研究结果为该区矿业废弃地整治时序的确定提供了理论支持。

Determination of reclamation sequence for mining wasteland based on comprehensive evaluation

Abstract: Determining a reasonable reclamation sequence of the large volume of mining wasteland can protect the ecological environment and support the land demand of economic development and industrial transformation in mineral resource cities. Taking the Mentougou district of Beijing city as the study area, a method of constructing an index system based on the factors influencing the reclamation sequence for comprehensive evaluation is presented in this paper. The evaluation index system, which includes four levels of ecological conditions, reclamation cost, geographical conditions, and economic and social factors, is built to determine the reclamation sequence of mining wasteland. Eight specific indexes are included: extent of damage, the grades of ecological risk, reclamation cost, traffic accessibility, distances from towns, regional population density, regional per capita GDP, and planning guide. A sequence-evaluation model based on GIS is established based on the above index system. Considering the needs of administrative management, the boundary map of administrative villages in Mentougou district and the distribution map of coal mining wasteland were superimposed, taking the village as the specific evaluation unit. The weight of each index is determined by an analytic hierarchy process. Quantification of each index is then made, followed by determination of the reclamation sequence of coal mining wasteland in the Mentougou district. The result shows that there are total of 45 villages in which coal mining wasteland need reclamation. Among them, sixteen villages need reclamation in the near future, where the area of coal mining wasteland is 121.94 hm2. These villages are mainly located in the southern mountains of the Mentougou district such as Datai, Yongding and Zhaitang town. These regions have a long history of coal mining, and the ecological system is severely damaged. In addition, they lie at or adjacent to the Mentougou new town. The population density is high. Nineteen villages need reclamation in the medium term, where the area of coal mining wasteland is 105.41 hm2. These villages are mainly located northwest of Qingshui town and south of Zhaitang, Tanzhe Temple and Wangping town. Coal-mining wastelands in these areas are scattered, and ecological damage is relatively light. Ten villages need reclamation in the long term, where the area of coal mining wasteland is 54.27 hm2. These areas mainly located in the mountainous areas. Coal mining activities are relatively small, and population density is low. By investigation, the result is consistent with the actual situation, which can provide theoretical support for the determination of the reclamation sequence of coal mining wasteland in the study area.