部分禾本科植物麦角病的发生及其病原真菌的特征

侵染禾本科植物的麦角菌Claviceps sp.不但会引发植物的麦角病造成作物减产，还会引起人和牲畜的中毒。在新疆中部和青海东部部分地区，发现牲畜喜食的3族5属的牧草发生了麦角病，局部地区发病率高达65%，病株上还有瓢虫、丽蝇以及蚂蚁等昆虫活动。研究从5属6种禾本科发病植物上获得了18个分离菌株，观察了分离菌株的菌落形态和生长速度、孢子形态和大小等特征。这些培养特征及形态特征和麦角菌属真菌的无性世代麦角蜜孢霉属Sphacelia真菌类似。通过研究这些分离菌株对农药的敏感性，发现多菌灵对该菌有明显的抑制作用。禾本科植物的麦角病在旅游区－牧区大范围地发生值得注意。

Study on ergot diseases of gramineous grass and characteristics of the fungus

Ergot disease could seriously decrease crops yield.Lots of alkaloids in grass-fungal parasitism associations were toxic to animals and human.In this study,we investigated gramineous plants in the areas of middle Xinjiang and eastern Qinghai.Ergot disease were detected on 5 genera within 3 subfamily which favored by livestock.Incidence of infection was very high,up to 65%.Ladybugs,flies and ants tend to stay on the infected plants.Eighteen isolates were obtained from 6 species of 5 genera.Characteristics of colony,growth rate,the shape and size of conidia were conducted.The morphological features of the isolates were similarly to Sphacelia sp..Fungicide sensitivity tests indicated that carbendazim could inhibit the isolates.The wide occurrence of ergot disease in the scenic and pasturing areas should be concerned.