耕作方式与施氮量互作对小麦生长、产量与品质的影响

为找出鲁西南地区小麦的最佳耕作方式与施氮量,以‘山农20’为试验材料,研究了秸秆不还田免耕(T₁)、秸秆还田免耕(T₂)、秸秆还田两旋一耕(T₃)、秸秆还田深耕(T₄)4种耕作方式和225(N₁)、165(N₂)、300 kg/hm²(N₃) 3种施氮量对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明：小麦籽粒产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,同一施氮水平下,T₄产量最高,达8210.59 kg/hm²,较T₁、T₂、T₃分别增产2.25%、5.71%、8.61%;在同一耕作方式下,小麦籽粒产量300 kg/hm²(N₃)时最高。耕作方式和施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量互作效应极显著,并且随着施氮量的增加而增加。T₄明显提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,施氮量增加了面团形成时间、稳定时间和吸水量。因此,鲁西南地区实施深耕配施氮肥300 kg/hm²,是小麦生产实现高产和优质的最佳耕作和施氮模式。

Interaction Between Tillage Modes and Nitrogen Application Rates: Effects on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Wheat

To find out the best tillage mode and nitrogen application rate of wheat in southwest Shandong, using ‘Shannong 20’ as the experimental material, the effects of four tillage modes (T₁: no straw returning no tillage, T₂: straw returning no tillage, T₃: straw returning two rotary tillage, T₄: straw returning deep tillage) and three nitrogen application rates (N₁: 225 kg/hm ², N₂: 165 kg/hm², N₃: 300 kg/hm²) on wheat yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the grain yield of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application level, the yield of T₄ was the highest, reaching 8210.59 kg/hm², which was 2.25%, 5.71% and 8.61% higher than that of T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. Under the same tillage mode, the yield of N₃ was the highest. The interaction effect of tillage mode and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain protein content and wet gluten content was extremely significant, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. T4 significantly increased the protein content of wheat grain, and nitrogen application rate increased dough formation time, stability time and water absorption. Therefore, the implementation of deep tillage combined with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm² in southwestern Shandong is the best tillage and nitrogen application mode for wheat production to achieve high yield and high quality.