覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响

地膜覆盖作为一项有效的旱作增产技术,可显著改善土壤水温生态条件,促进植物生长发育。为了解覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以‘山油4号’为研究材料,在大田试验条件下,分析了覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生育期、干物质积累、农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：覆膜栽培缩短生育期5天,株高、分枝部位、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、单角粒数均较露地栽培升高,千粒重降低。覆膜栽培产量为2601.67 kg/hm²,较露地栽培增产508.34 kg/hm²,增产率为24.28%。籽粒含油量增加了2.4%,芥酸和硫甙含量变化不大。说明覆膜栽培技术可以提高西藏春油菜的产量和品质,可作为一项重要的栽培措施在西藏油菜生产上运用。

Effects of Film Mulching Cultivation on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Spring Rapeseed in Tibet

Film mulching is an effective technology for yield increase of dry cultivation, which can significantly improve the ecological condition of soil moisture and temperature, and promote plant growth and development. In order to understand the effects of film mulching cultivation on the growth, yield and quality of spring rapeseed in Tibet, based on field cultivation with ‘Shanyou No.4’ as the material, the effects of film mulching cultivation on the growth period, dry matter accumulation, agronomic characters, yield and quality of spring rapeseed were analyzed. The results show that compared with open field cultivation, the film mulching cultivation could shorten the growth period by 5 days, increase the plant height, branching position, effective branch number, effective pod number per plant, seed number per pod, and decrease 1000-grain weight. The yield of film mulching cultivation was 2601.67 kg/hm², increased by 508.34 kg/hm² compared with that of open field cultivation, and the yield increase rate was 24.28%. The oil content was increased by 2.4%, while the content of erucic acid and glucosinolates did not change much. The study indicates that the film mulching cultivation can improve the yield and quality of spring rapeseed in Tibet, and can be used as an important cultivation measure in the production.