云南白茶品质特征研究

白茶是中国六大茶类之一,以其独特的加工工艺、清甜的品质特征及保健功效深受消费者喜爱。为了解云南各类白茶的品质状况和特点,本研究以云南当地茶树品种鲜叶与加工方法制作的‘云南白茶’和传统福建‘政和白茶’各6个样品为研究对象,测定其含水量、水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚和咖啡碱含量并进行感官审评,分析比较‘云南白茶’和‘政和白茶’在生化成分以及感官品质方面的差异。结果表明：‘云南白茶’茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱平均含量分别为30.83%、5.00%、4.87%,‘政和白茶’的分别为29.76%、7.22%、5.02%;从感官审评看,‘云南白茶’滋味甜醇鲜爽,‘政和白茶’清甜淳滑,‘政和白茶’外形较‘云南白茶’好。‘云南白茶’与‘政和白茶’在生化成分和感官品质等方面存在较大差异。

Study on the Quality of Yunnan White Tea

White tea is one of the six kinds of tea in China, and it is loved by consumers for its unique processing technology, sweet and fresh sensory quality and health care effect. To understand the quality status and characteristics of Yunnan white tea, in this study, six samples of Yunnan white tea made of the fresh leaves of Yunnan local tea varieties and through local processing methods and six samples of traditional Fujian Zhenghe white tea were selected as the research objects. The water content, water extracts, free amino acids, tea polyphenols and caffeine were determined and the sensory evaluation was conducted. The differences of biochemical composition and sensory quality between Yunnan white tea and Zhenghe white tea were analyzed and compared. The results show that the average content of polyphenols, amino acids and caffeine in Yunnan white tea are 30.83%, 5.00% and 4.87%, respectively, and those of Zhenghe white tea are 29.76%, 7.22% and 5.02%, respectively; from the sensory evaluation, Yunnan white tea is sweet and refreshing, Zhenghe white tea is sweet and smooth. The appearance of Zhenghe white tea is better than that of Yunnan white tea. There are relatively big differences between Yunnan white tea and Zhenghe white tea in terms of biochemical composition and sensory quality.