扑草净对10种小麦田恶性杂草的防除活性研究

为研究扑草净对10种小麦田恶性杂草的防除活性,通过温室整株生物测定法比较研究扑草净对菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)、大穗看麦娘(Alopecurus myosuroides)、多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)、耿氏假硬草(Pseudosclerochloa kengiana)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)、猪殃殃(Galium spurium)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)等10种小麦田恶性杂草土壤处理和早期茎叶处理（禾本科杂草2~3叶期,阔叶杂草2对或轮叶期）的防除活性。结果表明,扑草净推荐剂量（有效成分750 g/hm²）早期茎叶处理后30天对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、荠菜的地上部分鲜重抑制率分别达89.75%、94.04%、75.00%,推荐剂量1/2量对播娘蒿2对叶龄幼苗地上部分鲜重抑制率达到89.64%。扑草净推荐剂量早期茎叶处理后30天完全杀灭看麦娘、日本看麦娘、耿氏假硬草,对大穗看麦娘、早熟禾、菵草、多花黑麦草地上部分鲜重抑制率分别为95.80%、83.58%、82.77%、60.11%。扑草净推荐剂量土壤处理后30天对看麦娘、耿氏假硬草、早熟禾、菵草的地上部分鲜重抑制率达到85%以上。扑草净早期茎叶处理对看麦娘、日本看麦娘、大穗看麦娘、耿氏假硬草、早熟禾、播娘蒿、猪殃殃有效,对菵草和荠菜也有一定的防除活性,对多花黑麦草防效差。

Efficacy of Prometryn Against 10 Serious Wheat Weed Species

To study the efficacy of prometryn against 10 serious wheat weed species, the whole-plant bioassays was adopted to test the efficacy of prometryn against Beckmannia syzigachne, Alopecurus aequalis, Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus myosuroides, Lolium multiflorum, Pseudosclerochloa kengiana, Poa annua, Descurainia sophia, Galium spurium and Capsella bursa-pastoris. Prometryn of different doses were applied on each weed species at pre-emergence and early post-emergence (2-3-leaf for grasses and 2-whorl-leaf or 2-pair-leaf for broadleaf weed species). Thirty days after early post-emergence treatments with label dose of prometryn (750 g/hm ² active ingredient), the inhibition rate of the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of D. sophia, G. spurium and C. bursa-pastoris was 89.75%, 94.04% and 75.00%, respectively. As well, the early post-emergence treatment with 1/2 label dose of prometryn could inhibit 89.64% aboveground growth of D. sophia. Thirty days after early post-emergence treatment with label dose of prometryn could totally kill the seedlings of A. aequalis, A. japonicus and P. kengiana; and showed the inhibition rate of 95.80%, 83.58%, 82.77% and 60.11% against A. myosuroides, P. annua, B. syzigachne and L. multiflorum, respectively. Moreover, 30 days after pre-emergence treatment with label dose of prometryn could have >85% inhibition rate against A. aequalis, P. kengiana, P. annua and B. syzigachne. Therefore, early post-emergence applying of prometryn can be effective on controlling A. aequalis, A. japonicus, A. myosuroides, P. kengiana, P. annua, D. sophia and G. spurium, and constraining B. syzigachne and C. bursa-pastoris seedling growth, while shows low efficacy against L. multiflorum.