生理生化法评价黄精属种质资源的耐荫性和抗寒性

研究旨在筛选出耐荫性、抗寒性较强的黄精属种质,为后续黄精耐荫、抗寒育种栽培提供合适的材料和理论依据。以来自不同地区的24份多花黄精和10份黄精为材料,测定遮荫前后的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和4℃低温胁迫下黄精植物叶内的可溶性糖、游离蛋白质、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量,并利用隶属函数法对2种黄精的耐荫性、抗寒性进行综合评价。遮荫处理对多花黄精和黄精叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值均无显著影响。隶属函数法分析发现,来自安徽青阳和广西宜州的多花黄精种质耐荫性最优,综合评定值为0.65。黄精的可溶性糖、游离蛋白、脯氨酸含量平均值为1.42%、2.20%、8.13%;多花黄精的可溶性糖、游离蛋白、脯氨酸含量平均值为1.03%、1.64%、6.28%,表明黄精抗寒性比多花黄精更强;其中河南灵宝寺河村地区的黄精种质抗寒性最强,云南大理地区的多花黄精抗寒性次之,综合评定值分别为0.62、0.56。可将安徽青阳、广西宜州地区的种质作为耐荫品种选育栽培的良好材料,河南灵宝寺河村、云南大理地区的种质作为抗寒品种选育栽培的良好材料。

The Shade Tolerance and Cold Resistance of Polygonatum Germplasm: An Evaluation by Physiological and Biochemical Methods

The research aims to screen out the germplasm of Polygonatum with high shade tolerance and cold resistance, and provide a basis for breeding and cultivating Polygonatum. Twenty four P. cyrtonema germplasms and ten P. sibiricum germplasms were evaluated for their shade tolerance and cold resistance comprehensively by the membership function method, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were compared before and after shading. In addition, the contents of soluble sugar, free protein, proline and malondialdehyde in the leaves were determined under the low temperature stress. The contents of Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll and the value of Chl a/b showed no significant difference between P. cyrtonema and P. sibiricum after shading. P. cyrtonema from Qingyang of Anhui and Yizhou of Guangxi exhibited best shade tolerance with a comprehensive evaluation value of 0.65. The average contents of soluble sugar, free protein and proline of P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema were 1.42%, 2.20%, 8.13% and 1.03%, 1.64%, 6.28%, respectively, showing that P. sibiricum had stronger cold resistance. The germplasm from Lingbaosihe village of Henan demonstrated the strongest cold resistance with a comprehensive evaluation value of 0.62, and the cold resistance of P. cyrtonema in Dali of Yunnan was the second, with a comprehensive evaluation value of 0.56. The germplasms from Qingyang of Anhui and Yizhou of Guangxi could be used as shade tolerance materials for breeding and cultivation, while the germplasms from Lingbaosihe village of Henan and Dali of Yunnan could be used as cold resistance materials for breeding and cultivation.