水稻‘甬优15’分期播种的气象条件适宜性试验研究

研究旨在通过分期播种试验,得到水稻‘甬优15’在本地播种最适宜播期,以提高其产量及品质。根据2016—2020年龙游国家农业气象试验站‘甬优15’分期播种试验数据和2018—2019年水稻品质数据,通过对比试验,得到‘甬优15’的产量与品质和播期的关系。结果表明：（1）播期对‘甬优15’的全生育天数和灌浆期天数有一定影响,主要表现为播期越晚全生育天数减少,灌浆期延长;（2）22℃是灌浆期水稻正常发育阈值,低于22℃的灌浆期平均气温会明显增加水稻灌浆乳熟时间;（3）‘甬优15’水稻直链淀粉含量普遍在10%左右,较易糊化,蛋白质含量接近7%,口感与营养含量较为平衡;（4）当播期推迟至6月中旬之后,‘甬优15’产量有明显降低,品质也有所下降;（5）‘甬优15’播种期控制在5月下旬6月上旬,能明显改善龙游本地单季晚稻产量。

Rice Variety ‘Yongyou 15’: The Suitability of Meteorological Conditions for Sowing by Stages

To obtain the most suitable sowing time for rice ‘Yongyou 15’, we conducted the experiment of sowing by stages, aiming to improve the yield and quality of the variety. According to the sowing data of ‘Yongyou 15’ by stages from 2016 to 2020 in Longyou National Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station and the rice quality data from 2018 to 2019, the relationship between the yield, quality and the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ was obtained through comparative experiment. The results showed that: (1) the sowing time had certain influence on the days of full growth and grain filling stage of ‘Yongyou 15’, mainly, the later the sowing time, the fewer the days of the full growth and the longer the grain filling stage; (2) 22℃ was the threshold of normal development of rice at grain filling stage, and the average temperature below 22℃ could obviously increase the time of the grain filling and milking stage; (3) the amylose content of ‘Yongyou 15’ was generally about 10%, which was easy to gelatinize, the protein content was close to 7%, and the taste and nutrition content were relatively balanced; (4) when the sowing time was postponed to mid-June, the yield and quality of ‘Yongyou 15’ decreased significantly; (5) the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ should be from late May to early June, which could obviously improve the yield of single-cropping rice in Longyou.