气候智慧型草地管理技术助力牧区振兴

气候变暖和人类活动导致青藏高原高寒草地生态系统面临空前挑战,为增强青藏牧区应对气候变化的能力,合理利用高寒草地资源,减少天然畜牧业温室气体排放,增加牧民收入和生计韧性。本研究团队承担实施了农业农村部(MARA)-世界银行(WB)-全球环境基金(GEF)气候智慧型草地管理技术研究,在青海省祁连县默勒镇实施牧民参与式的春季休牧和免耕补播等天然草地管理技术,监测草地植被多样性和生产力,通过卫星影像计算了研究区植被的归一化植被指数(NDVI),并对气候智慧型草地管理产生的社会影响、满意度和牧民经济情况进行调查的任务。气候智慧型草地管理技术试点和调查在默勒镇取得了丰富成果,草地生产力在春季休牧和免耕补播下分别提高了34.1%和50.0%,2种恢复措施均在一定程度上增加了草地植被多样性,NDVI显示恢复措施下的植被长势要好于对照地,此外,牧民对气候智慧型草地管理技术的满意程度达88.6%,实施管理技术直接或间接的增加了项目户牧民的收入,当地约80.0%的牧民的科学素养都有所提高。气候智慧型草地管理技术可以提高草地植被多样性、生产力和绿度覆盖,并且可以增加牧民收入,改善牧民生活环境,提高牧民科学素质,增强牧民应对气候变化的能力,从而助力牧区振兴。

Climate-smart Grassland Management Technology Helps the Revitalization of Pastoral Areas

Climate warming and human activities have brought unprecedented challenges to the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In order to enhance the Qinghai-Tibet pastoral area’s ability to cope with climate change, rationally utilize alpine grassland resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from natural animal husbandry, and increase herdsmen’s income and livelihood resilience, this research team implemented the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)-World Bank (WB)-Global Environment Facility (GEF) climate-smart grassland management technology research. In Mole Town of Qilian County in Qinghai Province, we worked with herdsmen to implement the natural grassland management technology of non-spring grazing and no-tillage seeding, monitored grassland vegetation diversity and productivity, calculated the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) of vegetation in the study area through satellite images, and investigated the social impacts and herdsmen’s satisfaction and economic conditions resulting from climate-smart grassland management. The pilot application and investigation of climate-smart grassland management technology has achieved rich results in Mole Town. Grassland productivity has been increased by 34.1% and 50.0% respectively under non-spring grazing and no-tillage seeding, and both of these two restoration measures have increased the grassland vegetation diversity to a certain extent. NDVI showed that the vegetation growth under the restoration measures is better than that of the control land. In addition, 88.6% of the herdsmen are satisfied with the climate-smart grassland management technology. The implementation of the management technology directly or indirectly increased the income of the project households and herdsmen. And the scientific literacy of about 80.0% of local herdsmen has been improved. Climate-smart grassland management technology can improve the grassland vegetation diversity, productivity and green coverage, increase herdsmen’s income, improve herdsmen’s living environment, promote herdsmen’s scientific literacy, and enhance herdsmen’s ability to cope with climate change, thereby helping the revitalization of pastoral areas.