不同氮肥、有机肥用量配比对番茄产量及养分分布的影响

作物生物量的累积与养分累积有着密切的关系,养分累积是生物量累积的基础,也是作物产量形成的基础。养分在作物体内的迁移、积累及分配是农作物养分利用的重要过程。通过赤峰市元宝山区番茄田间试验,研究了不同施氮量和有机肥施用量对番茄养分吸收、养分分配及番茄产量的影响。结果表明：减少氮肥而增加有机肥施用量不仅可以弥补减少氮肥所造成的产量损失,还能提高番茄果实中的N、P、K含量、番茄果实与茎叶中N、P、K养分的比值,通过本试验发现施用氮肥和有机肥都能提高番茄果实中的N、P、K养分浓度,从而增加番茄的产量。调控有机肥和氮肥的施用量可以有效改善番茄果实和茎叶中的养分比,增施有机肥可以增加番茄果实对营养元素的吸收,施用有机肥部分替代氮肥不仅可以促进番茄对N、P、K养分的吸收、积累,提高番茄的产量同时改善番茄果实的品质,还可以减轻因氮肥大量施用所造成的环境问题。说明在当地气候和土壤条件下,用有机肥部分替代化肥可以提高番茄产量和养分含量,还可以改善环境质量。

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer Application Rates on the Yield and Nutrient Distribution of Tomato

Crop biomass accumulation is closely related to nutrient accumulation, nutrient accumulation is the basis of biomass accumulation and crop yield formation. The migration, accumulation and distribution of nutrients in crops are the important process of crop nutrient utilization. A field trail in Yuanbaoshan District of Chifeng City was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen and organic fertilizer application rates on the concentration and distribution of nutrients in tomato and the yield of tomato. The results showed that with the raise of organic fertilizer amount and decline of N fertilizer amount, the yield of tomato did not decline, the contents of NPK in tomato fruits increased. The ratio of NPK in the tomato fruits, stems and leaves increased too. It was found that the nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer could increase the concentration of NPK nutrients in tomato fruits, and thus increasing the yield of tomato in this field trail. Adjusting the application amount of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the nutrient ratio in tomato fruits to stems and leaves. Application of organic fertilizer could increase the absorption of nutrient elements in tomato fruits. The application of organic fertilizer partially replacing nitrogen fertilizer could not only promote the absorption and accumulation of NPK in tomato, but also improve the yield and quality of tomato fruits. It could also alleviate the environmental problems that were caused by large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizer. It indicated that under the local climate and soil conditions, replacing chemical fertilizer partially by organic fertilizer could improve tomato yield and nutrients’ content, and the quality of the environment.