牧草观测自动化技术研究与系统设计

针对内蒙古自治区生态观测需求,特别是草地生态系统观测需求,选取牧草观测为研究内容,提出基于嵌入式技术和并行计算技术的实时远程可控可视的牧草观测自动化技术思路。采用特征像素图像识别方法,实现牧草覆盖度的自动测量、牧草的发育期图像自动识别。利用摄影测量技术结合图像处理技术获得像高转物高变换算法,实现层高与株高的自动测量。结合现代电子技术以及DSP技术、图像处理技术设计了牧草自动观测智能传感器,传感器在观测前端完成图像采集、处理与模式识别后,再将处理后的结果通过网络传向服务器端,可通过智能手机或PC访问服务器远程查看观测数据,实现牧草覆盖度、层（株）高以及牧草生长期的自动观测。测试结果表明,图像处理与实测覆盖度数值显著相关检验R_0.05>0.90,与实测株高数值显著相关检验R_0.05>0.85。相对于在后端PC系统进行图像处理,不但可以提高观测系统的数据运算处理速度,而且鲁棒性好,同时能够大大减轻数据传输压力,适合对体积、功耗、工作环境及稳定性要求极高的场合。

Technology Research and System Design of Automatic Forage Observation

In view of the ecological observation needs of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, especially the grassland ecosystem observation needs, forage observation was selected as the research content, and the idea of real-time remote controllable and visual forage observation automation technology based on embedded technology and parallel computing technology were proposed. The characteristic pixel image recognition method was used to realize the automatic measurement of forage coverage and the automatic recognition of forage growth image. The image height to object height transformation algorithm was obtained by using photogrammetry technology and image processing technology to realize the automatic measurement of layer height and plant height. Combined with modern electronic technology, DSP technology and image processing technology, an intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation was designed, which completed image acquisition, processing and pattern recognition at the observation front end, and then transmitted the processed results to the server through the network. Users could access the server through smartphone or PC to view the observation data remotely. The system realized the automatic observation of forage coverage and layer (plant) height and forage growth period. The test results show that the image processing is significantly correlated with the measured coverage value, with the test R_0.05>0.90, and significantly correlated with the measured plant height, with the test R_0.05>0.85. Compared with the image processing in the back-end PC system, the intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation can not only improve the data operation and processing speed of the observation system, but also have good robustness. At the same time, the intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation can greatly reduce the pressure of data transmission, and is suitable for tasks with high requirements of volume, power consumption, working environment and stability.