云南构建区域粮食产业链及供应链对策研究

云南地处祖国西南边陲,有比邻中南半岛“世界米仓”的区位优势且资本和技术领先于周边国家,因此,云南应进一步发挥优势,依托云南系统的粮食生产、加工和储运能力以及与相关国家完善的农业经济贸易合作平台和通道,加快推进区域性粮食产业链和供应链建设,为巩固和提升国家粮食安全战略保障能力做出云南的贡献。为此,作者采用对比分析等方法,系统分析了2010—2019年云南粮食生产规模、占全国的比重、品种结构变化以及粮食安全保障体系特点、中南半岛6国粮食出口贸易情况等,找出了云南口粮生产能力下降、种粮比较效益下滑、农业“走出去”支持政策不足等问题,并进一步提出了对内要进一步落实“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略、提高全省粮食生产能力,对外应以农业投资和储运体系为重点提高获取境外粮食的能力,同时应做大沿边加工物流业、做优农产品进出口贸易政策等建议。

The Construction of Regional Grain Industry Chain and Supply Chain in Yunnan Province

As a southwestern border province of China, Yunnan is featured by the geographical advantage of proximity to the Indo-China Peninsula which is named ‘World Rice Warehouse’, and its capital and technology are ahead of the neighboring countries of China. Therefore, to enhance its support capability in consolidating and improving the national food security strategy, Yunnan should further develop its comparative advantages by building the regional food industry chain and supply chain depending on the province’s grain system of production, processing, storage and transportation, as well as its agricultural economic and trade cooperation platforms and channels with the neighboring countries of China. In this study, we used comparative analysis and related methods to systematically analyze the scale of grain production in Yunnan, the proportion of its grain production to the national total amount, the transition of its grain variety structure and the characteristics of its food security system, as well as the grain export trade of the 6 countries in the Indo-China Peninsula from 2010 to 2019. Then, we identified the problems in grain production in Yunnan such as the decrease of grain ration production capacity, the decline of comparative benefits of grain production and the insufficient support for agricultural ‘go global’ strategy. Finally, a series of countermeasures were put forward, including further implementing the strategy of ‘reserving grain in land and technology’ to increase Yunnan’s production capacity of grain, focusing on agricultural products storage and transportation system to improve the ability to obtain grain from abroad, expanding the border processing and logistics industry, optimizing the policy of agricultural products’ import and export, and etc.