简化施肥对免耕冬水田不同杂交中稻/再生稻产量的影响

为探明免耕冬水田条件下简化施肥对不同杂交稻品种头季、再生季以及两季产量的影响,以及筛选出两季高产品种应用于生产。2016—2017年,以18个杂交中稻品种为材料,在免耕冬水田施纯氮120 kg/hm²条件下,设置简化施肥（一次基施N）和常规施肥（基肥：蘖肥：穗肥=5:3:2比例平衡施N）2种氮肥管理方式,研究其对中稻-再生稻产量的影响。结果表明,2种氮肥管理方式对头季产量、再生季产量和两季总产的影响均未达到显著水平,简化施肥处理的头季稻产量、再生季产量和两季总产分别为9.46 t/hm²、1.50 t/hm²和10.96 t/hm²,较常规施肥处理的产量分别增加1.40%,-6.77%和0.20%。18个品种间头季产量、再生季产量和两季总产差异均达极显著水平,18个品种头季、再生季和两季总产的产量变幅分别为8.70~10.19 t/hm²,0.59~2.29 t/hm²和10.21~11.57 t/hm²。头季产量和再生季产量呈极显著负相关(r=0.61)。两季总产与头季有效穗、每穗颖花数、结实率、千粒重和再生季有效穗偏相关系数均达极显著水平,并建立回归方程。因此,采用一次基施的简化施肥方式是免耕冬水田水稻实现高产、省工的有效途径,选择穗粒兼顾型品种有利于实现中稻/再生稻两季高产,并筛选出两季高产和高氮肥偏生产力品种‘旌优727’、‘旌3优177’、‘内6优103’和‘内6优107’,可在试验所在生态区中稻-再生稻种植中推广应用。

Effects of Simplified Fertilization on Yield of Hybrid Rice Varieties in Mid-rice/Ratoon Rice System in No Tillage Winter Paddy Field

To explore the effects of simplified fertilization on yield and yield components of hybrid rice varieties in mid-rice/ratoon rice system in no tillage winter paddy fields, and to screen out high-yield varieties for production, field experiments were conducted in 2016-2017. 18 hybrid mid-rice varieties were selected as materials, under the condition of no tillage winter paddy field with the total nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm², nitrogen was applied by two methods as simplified fertilization SF (basal application for one time, basal: tiller: panicle fertilizer as 10∶0∶0) and conventional fertilization CF (basal: tiller: panicle fertilizer as 5∶3∶2). The results showed that the effects of the two nitrogen application methods on the yield of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total were not significant. The yield of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total was 9.46 t/hm², 1.50t/hm² and 10.96 t/hm² under SF, respectively, 1.40%, -6.77% and 0.20% higher than that of CF, respectively. There were significant differences of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total among the 18 hybrid varieties, their yield variation range was 8.70-10.19 t/hm², 0.59-2.29 t/hm², 10.21-11.57 t/hm², respectively. There was a significant negative correlation (r=0.61) between the yield of the first crop and that of the ratoon crop. The partial correlation coefficients between the total yield and effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, grain setting rate, 1000-grain weight of the first crop and effective panicles of the ratoon crop were extremely significant, and the regression equation was established. Therefore, the simplified fertilization method of one-time basal application is an effective way to achieve high yield and labor-saving in no tillage winter paddy field. The selection of varieties with consideration of panicle and grain is conducive to the realization of high yield of mid-rice/ratoon rice system. The varieties ‘Jingyou 727’, ‘Jing3you 177’, ‘Nei6you 103’ and ‘Nei6you 107’ with high yield and nitrogen partial productivity are selected, which can be popularized in the cultivation of mid-rice/ratoon rice system in the ecological region of the experiment.