拟穴青蟹软颗粒饲料的制备与应用

为探究软颗粒饲料在拟穴青蟹养殖中的应用效果,为拟穴青蟹工厂化生产提供科学依据,将平均体质量为(261.44±24.62)g的拟穴青蟹饲养在360 mm×260 mm×270 mm塑料箱中,试验组投喂软颗粒饲料,对照组投喂鲜活缢蛏,软颗粒饲料主要由70%冰鲜蓝圆鯵肉、15%鳗粉、3%磷酸二氢钙、2%石花粉和10%鱼油等组成,由软颗粒机挤压成型。经过45天养殖,比较拟穴青蟹的生长、存活以及营养成分。结果显示：试验组拟穴青蟹成活率(90.48%)高于对照组成活率(71.43%),但差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组增重率和特定增长率（分别为34.62±17.93和0.64±0.29）显著高于(P<0.05)对照组增重率和特定增长率（分别为14.38±9.51和0.29±0.19）。试验组拟穴青蟹的必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量（肌肉：2.9%和3.96%;生殖腺：2.39%和2.63%）均高于对照组（肌肉：2.53%和3.27%;生殖腺：1.80%和2.14%）,同时,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量（肌肉：18.5%和36.7%;生殖腺：20.5%和23.9%）也高于对照组（肌肉：15.4%和18.9%;生殖腺：17.7%和18%）。综上所述,软颗粒饲料可以有效替代新鲜贝类进行拟穴青蟹养殖。

Soft Pellet Feed Preparation and Application for Mud Crab (Scylla Paramamosain)

The study was carried out to screen favorable soft pellet feeds for mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) factory farming. Mud crabs with average body weight of (261.44-24.62)g were raised in plastic box (360 mm×260 mm×270 mm) and fed by fresh Sinonovacula constricta (control group) and soft pellet feeds (test group) composed of 70% frozen Decapterus maruadsi meat, 15% eel meal, 3% calcium phosphate, 2% agar and 10% fish oil. The growth rate, survival rate and nutritional composition of mud crabs were analyzed over 45 days of feeding. The results showed that the survival rate in soft pellet feed group was 90.48%, which was higher than that of control group (71.43%), but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The growth rate and specific growth rate in the test group were 34.62±17.93 and 0.64±0.29 respectively, which were dramatically higher than those of control group (P<0.05), which were 14.38±9.51 and 0.29±0.19 respectively. The contents of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids of mud crabs in the test group (muscle: 2.9% and 3.96%; gonad: 2.39% and 2.63%) were higher than those in the control group (muscle: 2.53% and 3.27%; gonad: 1.80% and 2.14%); and the contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids (muscle: 18.5% and 36.7%; gonad: 20.5% and 23.9%) were also higher than those in control group (muscle: 15.4% and 18.9%; gonad: 17.7% and 18%). Therefore, the soft pellet feeds can effectively replace fresh shellfish for the factory farming of mud crabs.