1959—2018年内蒙古地区热量资源时空变化特征分析

气侯变暖显著改变了内蒙古地区的热量资源,了解该地区的热量资源变化可为作物生产及空间布局提供一定的研究基础。本文基于1959—2018年50个气象站点的逐日平均气温,采用五日滑动平均法探讨了内蒙古地区≥0℃和≥10℃初终日、持续天数以及积温的时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）内蒙古地区≥0℃和≥10℃平均初日分别为3月29日和5月5日,≥0℃和≥10℃初日呈提前趋势。≥0℃和≥10℃平均终日分别为10月28日和9月24日。（2）初日提前和终日推迟显著增加了内蒙古地区的积温和持续天数,积温和持续天数在空间分布上相似,东西部差异较大,其中≥0℃积温在1874~4433℃之间,≥10℃积温在1360~4024℃之间,≥0℃持续天数在168~246天之间,≥10℃持续天数在89~180天之间。≥0℃和≥10℃积温和持续天数呈增加趋势。（3）≥0℃和≥10℃初日与经纬度呈正相关关系,终日、积温和持续天数与经纬度成负相关关系。（4）初终日、持续天数以及积温突变日期主要集中在1991—1996年之间。

The Space-temporal Changes of Thermal Resources in Inner Mongolia from 1959 to 2018

Climate warming has significantly changed the thermal resources in Inner Mongolia, and understanding thermal resource changes in this region can provide a research basis for crop production and spatial layout. Based on the daily average temperature of 50 meteorological stations from 1959 to 2018, this paper discussed space-temporal distribution characteristics of the initial day, ending day and duration days≥0℃ and ≥10℃, as well as cumulative temperature in Inner Mongolia by adopting five-day sliding average method. The results indicated that: (1) the average initial day ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ in Inner Mongolia was March 29, and May 5, respectively, the initial day ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ showed an ahead of time trend, the average ending day≥0℃ and ≥10℃ was October 28 and September 24, respectively; (2) the advance of the initial day and the delay of the ending day significantly increased the cumulative temperature and the duration days in Inner Mongolia, the cumulative temperature and duration days were similar in spatial distribution, and were different greatly between east and west; the cumulative temperature ≥0℃ was between 1874 and 4433℃, and the cumulative temperature≥10℃ was between 1360 and 4024℃,duration days ≥0℃ were between 168 and 246, and duration days ≥10℃ were between 89 and 180; the cumulative temperature and duration days ≥0℃ and≥10℃ showed an increasing trend; (3) the initial day ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ showed a positive correlation with latitude and longitude, the ending day, while the cumulative temperature and duration days showed a negative correlation with latitude and longitude; (4) the mutation date of the initial day, the ending day and duration days, as well as that of the cumulative temperature mainly focused between 1991 and 1996.