鄂东晚收稻田油菜两种飞播种植模式的产量及效益比较

在相同茬口条件下,比较油菜两种飞播种植模式的产量及效益,为鄂东地区晚收稻田油菜轻简化生产提供技术支撑。以冬油菜为试材,通过两年的田间试验,获得两种飞播种植模式的油菜产量和效益数据。与旋耕飞播相比,两年免耕飞播的油菜籽产量平均增加561.5 kg/hm²,增产率平均为25.7%,增产的主要原因是单株角果数显著增加,平均增幅为28.6%;两年免耕飞播的油菜产值平均增加3023元/hm²,毛收入平均增加4523元/hm²,主要原因是免耕飞播减少了秸秆离田、种子农药用量、旋耕整地和除草防病四个方面投入,两年投入共计平均减少1500元/hm²。油菜免耕飞播种植模式不仅降低了油菜生产成本,还提高了油菜产量和效益,具有节本增效的优势,适宜在鄂东晚收稻田推广应用。

The Yield and Benefits of Rapeseed Under Two Aerial Sowing Modes in Delayed Harvest Rice Fields of Eastern Hubei Province: Comparison Analysis

In order to provide technical support to light simplified production of rapeseed in delayed harvest rice fields of eastern Hubei Province, this study made a comparison on the yield and benefits of rapeseed under two aerial sowing modes based on the same crops for rotation condition. Field experiment of two years was conducted with winter rapeseed as material, and the data of yield and benefits of rapeseed under the two aerial sowing modes was obtained. Compared with rotary-tillage aerial sowing mode, the yield of rapeseed under no-tillage aerial sowing mode was increased by 561.5 kg/hm² on average, and the rate of yield increase was 25.7% on average in the two years. The main reason of yield increase was that the number of siliques per plant increased significantly, and the average increase was 28.6%. The production value of rapeseed under no-tillage aerial sowing mode was increased by 3023 yuan/hm², and the gross income was increased by 4523 yuan/hm² on average in the two years. The main reason was that the no-tillage aerial sowing mode reduced the investment on removing straw from the field, seed and pesticide, preparing soil by rotary tillage, and weeding and disease preventing. The total investment decreased by 1500 yuan/hm² on average in the two years. The no-tillage aerial sowing mode can not only reduce the investment, but also increase the yield and benefits of rapeseed. It has the advantages of cost saving and benefit increasing, and is suitable for popularizing and applying in delayed harvest rice fields in eastern Hubei Province.