13个药用石斛种质生物学特性比较研究

旨在减少药用石斛产业化发展中对野生中药材资源的依赖,筛选适合人工栽培的优良种质,实现中药产业持续发展与生态环境保护相协调。以湖北英山引种收集的13个药用石斛原生种质为试材,采用物候期观测、茎叶形态和花形态等生物学特性观测方法,同时进行生长适应性比较。结果表明：不同药用石斛种质的物候期不同,花期最早在3月底,多数集中在4—5月,最晚可到7—8月。不同种质间茎叶形态和花形态存在显著差异,可分为高大型、普通型和小型3个类型。不同药用石斛种质的花瓣和唇瓣颜色主要在白色到黄绿色之间变化。花瓣质地以革质为主,少数为厚革质、纸质或膜质。‘霍山石斛’、‘铁皮石斛’、‘铜皮石斛’和‘罗河石斛’的生长适应性较好。湖北省英山县地理气候条件优越,适合大多数药用石斛的生长。物候期、茎叶形态和花形态是区分药用石斛种质类别的重要指标。‘霍山石斛’、‘铁皮石斛’、‘铜皮石斛’（江西种源）是可以在湖北省推广发展的优质种质。

Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics of 13 Medicinal Dendrobium Germplasm Resources

For the development of medicinal Dendrobium industrialization, the study aims to reduce the dependence on wild traditional Chinese medicine resources and select excellent germplasm resources suitable for artificial cultivation, thus realizing the coordination between the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry and ecological environment protection. 13 primary germplasm resources of Dendrobium officinale introduced and collected in Yingshan of Hubei Province were used as test materials, and the phenology observation, stem and leaf morphology and flower morphology observation were conducted, and the growth adaptability of different germplasm resources was compared. The results show that the phenological periods of different medicinal Dendrobium germplasm resources are different. The earliest flowering period is at the end of March, most of them are from April to May, and the latest is from July to August. There are significant differences in stem, leaf and flower morphology among different germplasm resources, which could be divided into three types: high, common and small. The color of petals and lips of different medicinal Dendrobium germplasm resources mainly change from white to yellow green. The petals are mainly leathery, and a few of them are thick leathery, paper like or membranous. Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium moniliforme and Dendrobium lohohense have better growth adaptability. Yingshan County of Hubei Province has superior geographical and climatic conditions, which are suitable for the growth of most medicinal Dendrobium. Phenological period, stem and leaf morphology and flower morphology are important indexes to distinguish the germplasm types of medicinal Dendrobium. Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium moniliforme (Jiangxi provenance) are high-quality germplasm resources that can be popularized and developed in Hubei Province.