玉米芯降解复合菌剂的构建及其发酵效果初探

旨在构建复合菌剂以降解玉米芯,使生物质能源得到更好的利用,并且减少环境污染。本实验以牛粪及牛粪玉米芯发酵料为试材,用刚果红染色法和滤纸酶活法(FPA)筛选纤维素降解菌,并进行菌株鉴定;将所得到的菌株通过划线法进行拮抗实验;最后将菌株复配接种到玉米芯研究其发酵效果。结果表明：在牛粪及牛粪玉米芯发酵料中获得的菌株BC-2W、BC-2Y、BC-7W、BC-7Y、BC-12Y、BC-15W、BC-15Y、B1-2、B1-11、B2-7、B2-8和B2-9 FPA酶活均在9.0 U/mL以上,接种复合菌剂的玉米芯纤维素降解率达到(55.63±2.21)%,高于接种牛粪的玉米芯纤维素降解率。红外光谱、X衍射分析和扫描电镜观察显示,接种复合菌剂的玉米芯木质纤维素降解程度均高于接种牛粪组。复合菌剂可有效降解玉米芯,在纤维素降解方面具有较大的应用潜力,可用于玉米芯的生物资源利用。

Construction of Corncob Degradation Compound Microbial Agent and Analysis of Its Degradation Effect

The purpose of this research is to construct a compound microbial agent to degrade corncobs, use biomass energy efficiently and decrease environmental pollution. In this study, cow dung and the fermented substrate of cow dung mixed with corncob were used as tested materials. The cellulose-degrading bacteria were screened through Congo red staining and filter paper enzyme activity (FPA), and the strains were identified. The obtained strains were subjected to antagonism analysis by the streaking method. Finally, the strains were compounded and inoculated into the corncob to study the fermentation effect. The results showed that the enzyme activities of strains BC-2W, BC-2Y, BC-7W, BC-7Y, BC-12Y, BC-15W, BC-15Y, B1-2, B1-11, B2-7, B2-8 and B2-9 obtained from both kinds of fermentation substrates were all higher than 9.0 U/mL, and the cellulose degradation rate of corncob inoculated with compound microbial agent reached (55.63 ±2.21)%, which was higher than that of corncob inoculated with cow dung. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope results showed that the degradation degree of lignocellulose in corncob inoculated with compound microbial agent was higher than that of cow dung group. The compound microbial agent could degrade corncob effectively, and it had great application prospect in cellulose degradation and utilization of biological resources of corncob.