高纬度地区水稻氮肥合理施用比例研究

[目的]研究高纬度地区水稻氮肥合理施用比例。[方法]采用小区对比的方法,完全随机区组排列,试验设4个处理,氮肥基、蘖、穗肥比例分别为4∶2∶4（处理①）、4∶3∶3（处理②）和5∶3∶2（处理③）,不施氮肥（处理④）作对照。[结果]氮肥施用比例对谷草比有一定的影响,基、蘖肥比例越低,谷草比越高;百公斤经济产量吸氮量总体变化不大,施氮处理平均为1.21 kg;处理①和②氮肥利用率相近,处理③氮肥利用率较低,为25.86%;处理①产量最高,但2007年出现贪青晚熟现象,其次是处理②和③。[结论]北方高纬度地区水稻合理的基、蘖、穗肥适宜施用比例为4∶3∶3,生产上可大面积推广。

Study on the Rational Application Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice in High Latitudes Areas

[Objective] To study the rational application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in rice in high latitudes areas.[Method] An experiment was carried out with randomized complete block design consisted of four treatments,the proportions of base nitrogen fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer were 4∶2∶4(treatment 1),4∶3∶3(treatment 2) and 5∶3∶2(treatment 3) respectively,non-nitrogen fertilization(Treatment 4) was the control.[Result] The application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer had certain effect on the ratio of grain to straw,the lower the ratio of base fertilizer to tiller fertilizer,the higher the grain-straw ratio;N absorptron of per hundred kilograms economic output showed no big difference,and the average N application amount was 1.21 kg;the nitrogen use efficiency of treatment 1 was close to that of treatment 2,while that of treatment 3 was very low of 25.86%;the yield of treatment 1 was the highest with the phenomenon of unfavorable-delayed senescence appeared in 2007,then followed by treatment 2 and treatment 3.[Conclusion] The rational application ratio of base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer for rice in the high latitudes areas in North China was 4∶3∶3,it could be popularized for rice production.