Possible alternative utilization of Cynara spp.: II. Chemical characterization of their grain oil

The grain oils extracted from six genotypes of Cynara species: two globe artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.), two cultivated cardoons (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.) and two wild cardoons (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris Lam.), were analysed in order to ascertain their alimentary value. Oil yield, moisture, acidity, peroxide number, UV spectrophotometry and CIE colour parameters, fatty acids, phytosterols and -tocopherol were determined by standard methods. Cynara species which are most promising in terms of quality and quantity of oil were the cardoons, especially those belonging to the wild cardoon genotypes. Triacylglycerols were the dominant constituents together with very little amounts of phospholipids and glycolipids. The high content of oleic and linoleic acids in a balanced ratio, and the low amount of free acids, peroxides, saturated and linolenic acids ensure a good alimentary quality. Distribution of phytosterols was typical of oil from grain of Asteraceae such as sunflower and safflower. Moreover the optimal -tocopherol content offers a guarantee of stability against oxidation.