Steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes for biological control of the giant looper,Boarmia selenaria |
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Authors: | I Glazer M Wysoki |
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Institution: | 1. Dept. of Nematology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel 2. Dept. of Entomology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Abstract: | The pathogenicity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes to caterpillars of the giant looper,Boarmia selenaria (Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), was determined under laboratory conditions. High mortality (over 80%) was achieved, in a petri dish bioassay, with a minimum of 20,000 infective juveniles (IJ) ofSteinernema carpocapsae (Filipjev) (=Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser), strain ‘All’. The LD50 was 4250 IJ per caterpillar. Similar results were obtained withS. carpocapsae, strain ‘Mexican’,Steinernema sp., strain ‘CR’;Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, strain ‘HP88’; andHeterorhabditis sp., strain ‘IS’. The first and second instars were the most susceptible stages to nematode infection. A laboratory model assay indicated that 80–90% of the caterpillars were killed when they migrated to the soil to pupate; this occurred when IJ were applied to sandy and heavy soils at a concentration of 400 IJ/cm3 soil. A greenhouse test reconfirmed the effectiveness of utilizing the entomopathogenic nematodes in an “ambush” system against caterpillars migrating to the soil. |
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