河套灌区不同掺沙量对重度盐碱土壤水盐运移的影响

采用室内土柱模拟试验，研究不同掺沙量对土壤入渗特征与水盐运移的影响。共设置了CK（不掺沙）、S1（掺沙2%）、S2（掺沙4%）、…、S15（掺沙30%）16个试验处理，测定不同处理试验期间土壤含水率和含盐量的变化。结果表明：1）随着土壤表层掺沙量的增加，土壤的累积入渗量与湿润峰运移速度都呈逐渐增加的趋势；当掺沙比例为18%～24%时，土壤稳定入渗速率在0.065～0.091 mm/min之间；掺沙比例为26%～30%时，土壤稳定入渗速率大于0.1 mm/min，土壤持水能力较低。2）不同处理在7、11、15 d的土壤平均含水率差异显著（P<0.05），适当增大掺沙量可以有效促进土壤水分向下运移，掺沙比例过大会降低土壤的持水能力。3）当掺沙比例小于24%时，不同处理7 d的土壤含盐量差异显著（P<0.05）；S9～S12处理在20 d时30 cm土层的土壤含盐量相比不掺沙的处理降低90%以上，能够同时保证土壤的脱盐能力和持水能力。4）Kostiakov模型能够很好地在本研究中对土壤水分入渗过程进行模拟。该研究结果可为表层土壤掺沙改良河套灌区重度盐碱地提供理论支持。

Effects of different sand ratios on infiltration and water-salt movement of heavy saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation area

Sand mixing measures can change the mechanical composition and texture of soil, thereby improving the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. The surface sand mixing in irrigation area can effectively solve the problem of soils with high silt content. This study explored the water-salt transport mechanisms of heavy saline-alkali soils with different contents of sand. Laboratory soil column experiments were carried out to compare the effects of different sand ratio on infiltration characteristics and water-salt transport under continuous distilled water irrigation. The soil samples were taken from 0-40 cm abandoned heavy saline-alkali farmland in Xiyanzhuoer City of Inner Mongolia, China. It was located in Hetal irrigation area. In the laboratory experiments, a total of 16 treatments were set up: CK (without sand), S1(2%), S2(4%), S3(6%)...S15(30%). The results showed that: 1) With the increase of sand ratio at the surface layer of soil, the cumulative infiltration and the rate of wetting front were increased at the same time. Compared with the treatment of CK, the steady infiltration rate of soil increased by 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, 2.7, 3.1, 3.6, 4.1, 4.5, 5.1, 5.7, 6.2 and 6.8 times, respectively. It indicated that the steady infiltration rate of soil increased significantly with the increase of sand mixing ratio. When the sand mixing ratio was 18%-24%, the stable infiltration rate was 0.065-0.091 mm/min; when the sand mixing ratio was 26%-30%, the stable infiltration rate was more than 0.1 mm/min, and the water holding capacity of soil was low. 2) The mean soil moisture among treatments was significant different (P<0.05) at 7, 11 and 15 days, the rate of water infiltration could be increased by increasing the proportion of soil sand, and a large proportion of sand would reduce the water holding capacity of soil. 3) When the sand-mixing ratio were less than 24%, the total salt content of the soil at day 7 was significantly different among treatments (P<0.05). The total salt content at day 3 was 21.95-73.38 g/kg in 30 cm soil layer, showing a decreasing trend. 4) the Kostiakov model could well fit the infiltration process of soil water in this study. The empirical coefficient of a in kovstiakov infiltration model showed a significant increase trend. The change range of a was between 4.011 and 15.443 mm/min, which indicated that the average infiltration rate during the first period was increased when sand ratio was increased. The effects of adding sand in soils on increasing soil water infiltration was obvious. Therefore, the measures of mixing sand in the surface layer of heavy saline-alkali farmland would be an effective way to alleviate soils salinization.