水稻秸秆还田下油菜免耕生产力保持技术研究

[目的]研究江淮地区稻油二熟制水稻秸秆还田后的油菜免耕生产力保持技术。[方法]通过选择油菜种植品种,调控播种密度、运筹肥料等栽培技术开展研究。[结果]水稻秸秆还田下油菜免耕直播,选择分枝数少的品种便于油菜机械收割;相同施肥条件下,棉油11号15.0万棵/hm2处理比24.0万棵/hm2处理的有效分枝数多38.96%,播种密度为24.0万棵/hm2时,理论产量比15.0万棵/hm2处理高81.41%,实际产量高47.44%。在油菜播种密度为24.0万棵/hm2情况下,不同施氮量对油菜植株的单株角果数、每角粒数均有影响,以施氮量210 kg/hm2理论产量最高,达3 671.70 kg/hm2。[结论]适当调控油菜直播密度和氮肥施用量有利于油菜生长,适当密植能提高油菜产量,同时便于油菜机械收割。

Productivity Retention Technology of No-tillage Rape with Rice Straw Returned to Field

[Objective] To study the productivity retention technology of no-tillage rape with rice straw returned to field in Jianghuai area.[Method]The cultivation techniques were studied by selecting the cultivars of rape,regulating the sowing density and the dosage of fertilizer.[Result] The selection of fewer branches was convenient for the mechanical harvesting of rape under no-tillage and direct seeding cultivation with rice straw returned to field.Under the same fertilization conditions,the number of effective branches of treatment with 15 × 104 plants/hm2 was 38.96％ higher than that of 24.0 × 104 plants/hm2 treatment.When the sowing density was inereased by 24.0 × 104 plants/hm2,the theoretical output was increased by 81.41％ than that of 15 × 104 plants/hm2 treatment,and the actual yield was 47.44％.In the case of rape sowing density of 24 × 104 plants/hm2,the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per plant were affected by nitrogen amount.The theoretical yield of applying nitrogen 210 kg/hm2 was the highest,reaching 3 671.70 kg/hm2.[Conclusion] Proper regulation of sowing density and the dosage of fertilizer is beneficial to the growth of rape.Appropriate close planting can improve rape production,at the same time,it's convenient for the mechanical harvesting of rape.