不同授粉方式对日光温室番茄生长及品质的影响

[目的]分析熊蜂在河西高海拔冷凉区日光温室番茄上的授粉行为及对营养品质的影响。[方法]以koppert熊蜂为材料,观察熊蜂日活动规律,确定其适宜活动的温室温湿度;比较分析生产中常用的熊蜂授粉、振荡器授粉和蘸花授粉3种授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响。[结果]熊蜂授粉和震荡授粉对温室番茄的坐果和产量影响不明显,但可显著降低畸裂果率,提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、V_C含量;熊蜂授粉较蘸花授粉减少生产投入52.4%,震荡授粉较蘸花授粉减少生产投入34.9%。[结论]在人工紧缺或条件适宜的地区,可推广使用熊蜂授粉和震荡授粉技术。

Effects of Different Pollination Methods on Growth and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

[Objective] To analyze the pollination behavior and the nutrient quality of the bumblebee in the sunny greenhouse of the Hexi high-altitude cold area. [Method] The koppert bumblebee was used as the material to observe the activity law of the bumblebee, and to determine the greenhouse temperature and humidity of its suitable activities. The effects of three kinds of pollination methods on the yield, quality and benefit of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied and compared. [Result] The effects of bumblebee pollination and concussion pollination on the fruit and yield of greenhouse tomato were not obvious. But they could significantly reduced the rate of abnormal and dehiscent fruits, and enhanced the fruit soluble solid, soluble sugar, organic acid and VC content. Production investment of bumblebee pollination reduced by 52. 4% compared with bumblebee pollination, and production investment of concussion pollination reduced by 43. 9% compared with dipping pollination. [Conclusion] bumblebee and concussion pollination could be promoted in areas with artificial shortage or suitable conditions.