1973-2015年塔尔湖农业区土地利用/覆盖变化分析

以河套农业区塔尔湖地区1973-2015年的5期遥感影像为主要数据源,应用分层提取和监督分类方法,获取了研究区土地利用/覆盖信息,并对土地利用/覆盖动态进行了分析.结果表明,近42年来,塔尔湖地区土地利用/覆盖格局没有发生显著变化.耕地面积除在1987-1995年有所降低外,基本保持着每年0.4％的速率增长.城乡工矿居民用地面积呈逐年增加的趋势.未利用土地面积逐年减少,其中以沙地面积减少最多.土地盐碱化总面积在1973-2006年稳步降低,而在2006年后转为增长.塔尔湖地区土地利用/覆盖变化受控于自然和人为因素的双重作用.1973-2015年研究区在土壤盐碱化改良和沙漠化防治等方面取得良好的效果,但2006-2015年不合理的灌溉和耕地的过度利用使得土壤盐碱化程度增加.

Land Use/Cover Changes in Tarhu Agricultural Region from 1973 to 2015

Based on visual interpretation of remote sensing images in 1973,1984,1995,2006 and 2015,the land use/cover databases of Tarhu region was established.Then the process,trends of the land use / cover change and its driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that:The basic pattern of land use/cover of Tarhu region didnt change from 1973 to 2015.The area of farmland and woodland increased in 0.4％ annual growth rate,except from 1987 to 1995.The urbanland area increased more rapidly,while the unused land (mainly sandy land) area and water area decreased since 2006.The soil salinization land area steadily reduced from 1973 to 2006,and then changed to increase since 2006.The land use/ cover change of Tarhu region was a result of combination of natural and human factors.The soil salinization land improvement and prevention and control of desertification over during 1973-2015 have made good effect,while unreasonable irrigation and the excessive use of cultivated land during 2006-2015 increased land salinization.