Benzothiadiazole and BABA improve resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uromyces pisi</Emphasis> (Pers.) Wint. in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L. with an enhancement of enzymatic activities and total phenolic content

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and DL-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) induced systemic resistance was investigated in susceptible and resistant pea genotypes against Uromyces pisi. Resistance was characterized by reduced infection frequency mainly due to decreases in appressorium formation, stomatal penetration, growth of infection hyphae and haustorium formation. Changes in β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities and in total phenolics content, demonstrate that U. pisi resistance is induced by BTH and BABA treatments at early and late stages of the fungal infection process, but that the chemicals operate via different mechanisms. In fact, our study showed that BTH treatment primed the activity of pathogenesis related-proteins such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and peroxidase in both susceptible and resistant genotypes. On the other hand, BABA treatment did not increase the enzymatic activities in the studied genotypes, but significantly increased their total phenolic contents.