482份红花种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

为筛选药食两用的优质红花种质,对来源于30个国家和地区的482份代表性红花种质进行评价.基于大田试验,在红花成熟期时选择株高、分枝高度、顶端分枝高度、一级分枝数、二级分枝数、幼苗存活率、开花期、花色、叶片有/无刺、苞叶有/无刺、叶缘、千粒重12个农艺性状,采用遗传多样性、相关性、主成分分析和聚类分析的统计方法,综合评价...

Genetic diversity of main agronomic triats in 482 safflower accessions

To identify high-quality safflower germplasm and provide theoretical reference for breeding, 482 safflower germplasm were analyzed on their genetic diversity, correlation, principal component by 12 agronomic traits from 30 counties and regions worldwide. The 12 traits including plant height, branch height, height of the top branch, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, seedling survival rate, initial flowering, flower color, with or without spines on leaf margin, with or without spines on bract, leaf margin, and thousand-grain weight were selected as agronomic traits for comprehensive evaluation of safflower germplasm. Results showed that abundant genetic diversity was found among these recourses. The genetic variations were mainly from secondary branches number(74.2%), seedling survival rate(60.5%), number of primary branch(52.9%), branch height(51.0%),height of the top branch(27.0%), plant height(23.7%), and thousand-grain weight,(21.2%). Correlation analysis found that plant height had significant positive correlations with other traits except for leaf margin, thousand-grain weight and flower color. Thousand-grain weight had significant positive correlation with the number of secondary branches, and had negative correlations with plant height, branch height, and height of the top branch, respectively.The bract trait also represented significant correlations with branch height, height of the top branch, and leaf margin traits. Principal component analysis revealed that four components contribute 65.882% of all components. The 1 st component included height of the top branch and bract traits. The 2 nd component included primary and secondary branches. The 3 rd component included leaf and bract traits, and the 4 th component included survival rate and flower color. By cluster analysis, 482 safflower germplasm was divided into 5 groups at the genetic distance of 7.5. In summary, it indicated that safflower resources had rich genetic diversity. The 12 agronomic traits above could be used on effectively resources evaluation from different regions.